Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35271178›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2022

Ultra-Wideband Microwave Imaging System for Root Phenotyping.

Xiaodong Shi, Jiaoyang Li, Saptarshi Mukherjee, Srijan Datta, Vivek Rathod, Xinyu Wang, Wei Lu, Lalita Udpa, Yiming Deng

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Xiaodong ShiDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3240-7289
Jiaoyang LiDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6521-5414
Saptarshi MukherjeeLawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2840-8521
Srijan DattaDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1419-7321
Vivek RathodOak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8903-5001
Xinyu WangCollege of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
Wei LuCollege of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.ORCID 0000-0002-1946-4396
Lalita UdpaDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
Yiming DengDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5958-3683

Funding

Michigan State University-Nanjing Agriculture University Asia Hub Research Grant Program 2017-AH-11
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The roots are a vital organ for plant growth and health. The opaque surrounding environment of the roots and the complicated growth process means that in situ and non-destructive root phenotyping face great challenges, which thus spur great research interests. The existing methods for root phenotyping are either unable to provide high-precision and high accuracy in situ detection, or they change the surrounding root environment and are destructive to root growth and health. Thus,we propose and develop an ultra-wideband microwave scanning method that uses time reversal to achieve in situ root phenotyping nondestructively. To verify the method's feasibility, we studied an electromagnetic numerical model that simulates the transmission signal of two ultra-wideband microwave antennas. The simulated signal of roots with different shapes shows the proposed system's capability to measure the root size in the soil. Experimental validations were conducted considering three sets of measurements with different sizes, numbers and locations, and the experimental results indicate that the developed imaging system was able to differentiate root sizes and numbers with high contrast. The reconstruction from both simulations and experimental measurements provided accurate size estimation of the carrots in the soil, which indicates the system's potential for root imaging.

Indexed as

Microwave ImagingDiagnostic ImagingMicrowavesPlant RootsSoilSoilin situ root measurementmicrowave imagingnon-destructive inspectionphenotypingtime reversalultra-wideband antenna

Identifiers

PMID35271178
PMCPMC8914630

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.