ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2022
Hand Hygiene Compliance at Two Tertiary Hospitals in Freetown, Sierra Leone, in 2021: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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9 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hand hygiene knowledge, glove use misconceptions, and determinants among healthcare workers in Addis Ababa hospitals: a mixed-method cross-sectional study.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2026Article
- Hand hygiene compliance among healthcare workers at a tertiary maternity hospital in Sierra Leone: a cross-sectional study.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2026Article
- Determinants of hand hygiene compliance among healthcare workers in public and private hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Infection prevention in practice · 2026Article
- Characteristics of Hand Hygiene Adherence in Selected Healthcare Settings in Latin America and East Africa as Part of COVID-19 Response Efforts, 2020-2021.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- The Influence of Improved Access to Alcohol-Based Hand Rub and Hand Hygiene Training in Healthcare Facilities on Hand Hygiene Adherence in Belize During COVID-19: June 2021-August 2022.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Implementation of Family Centered Care for Neonates Admitted in a Special Care Baby Unit in Sierra Leone.Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics · 2024Article
- Hand Hygiene Practices and Promotion in Public Hospitals in Western Sierra Leone: Changes Following Operational Research in 2021.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Article
- Have Hand Hygiene Practices in Two Tertiary Care Hospitals, Freetown, Sierra Leone, Improved in 2023 following Operational Research in 2021?Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Article
- Level of Hand Hygiene Compliance and Its Associated Factors Among Health Care Workers at Eka Kotebe General Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Environmental health insights · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.
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Abstract
Hand hygiene actions are essential to reduce healthcare-associated infections and the development of antimicrobial resistance. In this cross-sectional study at two tertiary hospitals, Freetown, Sierra Leone, we observed hand hygiene compliance (defined as using handwash with soap and water or alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) amongst healthcare workers between June and August 2021. Using the WHO Hand Hygiene tool, observations were made in relation to the type of opportunity, different wards and types of healthcare worker. Overall, 10,461 opportunities for hand hygiene were observed, of which 5086 (49%) resulted in hand hygiene actions. ABHR was used more often than handwash (26% versus 23%, p < 0.001). Overall, compliance was significantly better: after being with a patient/doing a procedure than before (78% after body fluid exposure risk compared with 24% before touching a patient—p < 0.001); in Paediatric (61%) compared with Medical wards (46%)—p < 0.001; and amongst nurses (52%) compared with doctors (44%)—p < 0.001. Similar patterns of compliance were observed within each hospital. In summary, hand hygiene compliance was sub-optimal, especially before being with a patient or before clean/aseptic procedures. Improvement is needed through locally adapted training, hand hygiene reminders in wards and outpatient departments, uninterrupted provision of ABHR and innovative ways to change behaviour.
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