ReviewInternational journal of environmental research and public health2022
Inequalities of Suicide Mortality across Urban and Rural Areas: A Literature Review.
Review in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A systematic review of the association between alcohol-related deaths and area-level socioeconomic deprivation and other geographic characteristics in high-income countries.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- The Pooled Prevalence of Attributed Factors of Suicide in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Archives of Iranian medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Surveillance for Violent Deaths - National Violent Death Reporting System, 50 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico, 2023.Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Surveillance summaries (Washington, D.C. : 2002) · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- A century of suicide: Insights from long-term data in the United States.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- County-level social determinants of health and suicide mortality trends among formerly incarcerated persons in North Carolina, 2010-2018.Health & justice · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Analysis of Multi-Domain Factors Influencing Mental Health and Suicide: A Comparative Study of Urban and Rural Areas at City, County, and District Levels in Korea.Journal of Korean medical science · 2025Article
- Bereavement service deserts: A 2024 statewide assessment of bereavement services.Death studies · 2025Article
- Lost Futures: The Human and Economic Cost of Suicide in Türkiye, 2012-2023.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Community-based Suicide Interventions in Rural United States: A Scoping Review.Community mental health journal · 2025Article
- Urban mental health: a position paper of the European psychiatric association.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Review
- Impact of telemental health on suicide prevention care in U.S. emergency departments.Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine · 2025Article
- County-level vulnerability is associated with mental health and substance use treatment among rural suicide decedents: A national multi-year cross-sectional study.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2025Article
- Evaluation of suicide patterns, causes and triggering factors in children and adolescents.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Medicaid Expansion and County-Level Suicide: Disparities Based on Rurality and Mental Health Provider Shortages.Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Exploring the Challenges of Context in Accessing Mental Health Support in Rural New Zealand: A Case Study Approach.Journal of advanced nursing · 2025Article
- Loneliness and social infrastructure in rural America: A cross-sectional analysis of existing relationships.Wellbeing, space and society · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Suicide mortality is a major contributor to premature death, with geographic variation in suicide rates. Why suicide rates differ across urban and rural areas has not yet been fully established. We conducted a literature review describing the urban-rural disparities in suicide mortality. Articles were searched in five databases (EMBASE, PubMed, PsychINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science) from inception till 26 May 2021. Eligible studies were narratively analyzed in terms of the urban-rural disparities in suicides, different suicide methods, and suicide trends over time. In total, 24 articles were included in our review. Most studies were ecological and cross-sectional evidence tentatively suggests higher suicide rates in rural than in urban areas. Men were more at risk by rurality than women, but suicide is in general more prevalent among men. No obvious urban-rural pattern emerged regarding suicide means or urban-rural changes over time. Potential suicidogenic explanations include social isolation, easier access to lethal means, stigmatization toward people with mental health problems, and reduced supply of mental health services. For research progress, we urge, first, individual-level cohort and case-control studies in different sociocultural settings. Second, both rurality and urbanicity are multifaceted concepts that are inadequately captured by oversimplified typologies and require detailed assessments of the sociophysical residential environment.
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Registered trials
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