SynthesisInternational journal of environmental research and public health2022
Is Population Density Associated with Non-Communicable Disease in Western Developed Countries? A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Mapping Psychosocial Determinants for Cancer Onset: An Umbrella Review.Psycho-oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Trends and causes of maternal mortality in Indonesia: a systematic review.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Pooled it
- The Relationship Between Urban Characteristics and Non-Communicable Diseases-Conceptual Framework of the HORUS Project.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Nonlinear associations and threshold effects between built environment features and schizophrenia incidence: Implications for healthy city planning.SSM - population health · 2026Article
- Development and validation of a model for predicting relapse in patients with first-episode schizophrenia.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Rural Environment as a Risk Factor for the Age at Onset of Machado-Joseph Disease.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2025Article
- The efficiency and productivity-changing trend of PHCIs since the 2009 health reform in China based on a three-stage DEA and Malmquist Productivity Index.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- Pre-COVID era pediatric disease incidence in Kazakhstan: regional panel data analysis of multiple disease groups (2010-2019).Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Social vulnerability and asthma-related emergency medical services in Illinois.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Health disparities and climate change in the Marshall Islands.Annals of medicine · 2024Article
- Economic and healthcare influences on circulatory diseases in Kazakhstan: a retrospective ecological study.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2024Article
- Exploring the determinants associated with adult mortality in Malta: A cohort study between 2014 and 2020.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- Developing the Health Effect Assessment of Landscape (HEAL) Tool: Assessing the Health Effects of Community Greenspace Morphology Design on Non-Communicable Diseases.Landscape and urban planning · 2024Article
- Mineral wealth paradox: health challenges and environmental risks in African resource-rich areas.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Article
- How is equity captured for colorectal, breast and cervical cancer incidence and screening in the Republic of Ireland: A review.Preventive medicine reports · 2023Review
- Associations between vacant urban lands and public health outcomes in growing and shrinking cities.Urban forestry & urban greening · 2023Article
- Housing typologies and asthma: a scoping review.BMC public health · 2023Article
- The Association Between Social Determinants of Health and Population Health Outcomes: Ecological Analysis.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2023Article
- Geographic heterogeneity of the epidemiological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy using a socioeconomic proxy-based classification of the national territory.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Over the last three decades, researchers have investigated population density and health outcomes at differing scale. There has not been a systematic review conducted in order to synthesise this evidence. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) guidelines, we systematically reviewed quantitative evidence published since 1990 on population density and non-communicable disease (NCD) within Westernised countries. Fifty-four studies met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated utilising a quality assessment tool for ecological studies. High population density appears to be associated with higher mortality rates of a range of cancers, cardiovascular disease and COPD, and a higher incidence of a range of cancers, asthma and club foot. In contrast, diabetes incidence was found to be associated with low population density. High and low population density are therefore risk markers for a range of NCDs, indicating that there are unidentified factors and mechanisms underlying aetiology. On closer examination, our synthesis revealed important and complex relationships between population density, the built environment, the nature of greenspace and man-made exposures. In light of increasing rates of morbidity and mortality, future research is required to investigate these associations in order to establish causative agents for each NCD.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.