SynthesisInternational journal of environmental research and public health2022
Time for Re-Evaluating the Human Carcinogenicity of Ethylenedithiocarbamate Fungicides? A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sunscreen-Inspired Nano-Pesticide for UV-Shielding and Laccase-Responsive Delivery of Mancozeb With Enhanced Fungicidal Efficacy and Ecological Safety.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Advances in the neurotoxicity of ecological pesticide maneb: mechanisms and implications for human health.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Estimating the half-life of Ethylenethiourea from the urine of garlic farmers in northern Thailand: Characterizing the optimal window for biomonitoring to improve exposure assessment.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2026Article
- Application of Raman Spectroscopy Coupled With Chemometrics for the Detection and Quantification of Mancozeb Residues in Collard Green.Analytical science advances · 2025Article
- Algae and Cyanobacteria Fatty Acids and Bioactive Metabolites: Natural Antifungal Alternative AgainstMicroorganisms · 2025Review
- Isothermal Detection Methods for Fungal Pathogens in Closed Environment Agriculture.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Carvacrol Encapsulation in Chitosan-Carboxymethylcellulose-Alginate Nanocarriers for Postharvest Tomato Protection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Applications of a powerful model organism Caenorhabditis elegans to study the neurotoxicity induced by heavy metals and pesticides.Physiological research · 2023Article
- Assessment of Mancozeb Exposure, Absorbed Dose, and Oxidative Damage in Greenhouse Farmers.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn January 2021, the European Union ended the license of Mancozeb, the bestselling ethylenedithiocarbamate (EBDC) fungicide, because of some properties typical of human carcinogens. This decision contrasts the IARC classification of EBDC fungicides (Group 3, not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity). A systematic review of the scientific literature was conducted to explore the current evidence.
methodsHuman and experimental studies of cancer and exposure to EBDC fungicides (Mancozeb, Maneb, Zineb, and others) and ethylene thiourea (ETU), their major metabolite, published in English as of December 2021, were retrieved using PubMed, the list of references of the relevant reports, and grey literature.
resultsThe epidemiological evidence of EBDC carcinogenicity is inadequate, with two studies each suggesting an association with melanoma and brain cancer and inconsistent findings for thyroid cancer. Experimental animal studies point at thyroid cancer in rats and liver cancer in mice, while multiple organs were affected following the long-term oral administration of Mancozeb. The mechanism of thyroid carcinogenesis in rats has also been shown to occur in humans. Genotoxic effects have been reported.
conclusionsThe results of this systematic review suggest inadequate evidence for the carcinogenicity of EBDC fungicides from human studies and sufficient evidence from animal studies, with positive results on three out of ten key characteristics of carcinogens applying to humans as well. An IARC re-evaluation of the human carcinogenicity of EBDC fungicides is warranted.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.