ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2022
Exclusively Breastfed Infant Microbiota Develops over Time and Is Associated with Human Milk Oligosaccharide Intakes.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mother-to-infant vertical transmission in early life: a systematic review and proportional meta-analysis of Bifidobacterium strain transmissibility.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Pooled it
- High-dose multi-strain Bacillus probiotics enhance treatment and reduce antibiotic usage in children with persistent diarrhea through immune and microbiota modulation.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- The influence of breast milk microbiota from HIV-infected women on infant gut microbiota colonization within the first two weeks of life.Frontiers in microbiomes · 2026Article
- Seeding and feeding: nutrition and birth-associated exposures shape gut microbiome assembly in breastfed infants.Gut microbes · 2025Article
- Development of the Breastfed Infant Oral Microbiome Is Associated with Concentrations and Intakes of Human Milk Oligosaccharides.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Article
- The Association Between Maternal Diet and the Human Milk Microbiome: A Review of Evidence and Methodological Challenges.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Longitudinal Profiling of the Human Milk Microbiome from Birth to 12 Months Reveals Overall Stability and Selective Taxa-Level Variation.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- The human milk microbiome is minimally associated with breastfeeding practices.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The human milk bacteriome and mycobiome and their inter-kingdom interactions viewed across geography.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Breastfeeding patterns and total volume of human milk consumed influence the development of the infant oral microbiome.Journal of oral microbiology · 2025Article
- Review
- Residents or Tourists: Is the Lactating Mammary Gland Colonized by Residential Microbiota?Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Article
- Human Milk Lipids and Small Metabolites: Maternal and Microbial Origins.Metabolites · 2023Review
- Necrotizing Enterocolitis: The Role of Hypoxia, Gut Microbiome, and Microbial Metabolites.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Stability of Human-Milk Oligosaccharide Concentrations Over 1 Week of Lactation and Over 6 Hours Following a Standard Meal.The Journal of nutrition · 2023Article
- Impact of breastfeeding and other early-life factors on the development of the oral microbiome.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Early development of infant gut microbiota in relation to breastfeeding and human milk oligosaccharides.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Contrasting Diversity and Composition of Human Colostrum Microbiota in a Maternal Cohort With Different Ethnic Origins but Shared Physical Geography (Island Scale).Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Temporal development of maternal and infant microbiomes during early life impacts short- and long-term infant health. This study aimed to characterize bacterial dynamics within maternal faecal, human milk (HM), infant oral, and infant faecal samples during the exclusive breastfeeding period and to document associations between human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) intakes and infant oral and faecal bacterial profiles. Maternal and infant samples (n = 10) were collected at 2−5, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days postpartum and the full-length 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene was sequenced. Nineteen HMOs were quantitated using high-performance liquid chromatography. Bacterial profiles were unique to each sample type and changed significantly over time, with a large degree of intra- and inter-individual variation in all sample types. Beta diversity was stable over time within infant faecal, maternal faecal and HM samples, however, the infant oral microbiota at day 2−5 significantly differed from all other time points (all p < 0.02). HMO concentrations and intakes significantly differed over time, and HMO intakes showed differential associations with taxa observed in infant oral and faecal samples. The direct clinical relevance of this, however, is unknown. Regardless, future studies should account for intakes of HMOs when modelling the impact of HM on infant growth, as it may have implications for infant microbiota development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.