ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2022
Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by Glioma Stem Cells Are Involved in Radiation Resistance and Glioma Progression.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Glioblastoma exosomes reprogramming the tumor microenvironment and evading therapeutic challenges.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Tumor radiosensitization with gold nanoparticles: evolving strategies to improve tumoral gold uptake and catalyze future clinical translation.ACS nano medicine · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicles as nanocarriers in glioblastoma: implications for chemoresistance and immune evasion.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Non-coding RNAs-based Therapy and Angiogenesis: A New Era for the Management of Gliomas.Current gene therapy · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles derived from irradiated tumor cells foster immunosuppressive macrophages formation to promote esophageal squamous cell carcinoma immune evasion.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Article
- TurboID-Mediated Profiling of Glioblastoma-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Cargo Proteins.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Article
- Extracellular vesicles as delivery vehicles and therapeutic agents for glioblastoma treatment: A systematic review of in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2025Review
- Navigating Glioma Complexity: The Role of Abnormal Signaling Pathways in Shaping Future Therapies.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Plasma extracellular vesicles from recurrent GBMs carrying LDHA to activate glioblastoma stemness by enhancing glycolysis.Theranostics · 2025Article
- Glioma-Derived Exosomes and Their Application as Drug Nanoparticles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Investigating Expression Dynamics of miR-21 and miR-10b in Glioblastoma Cells In Vitro: Insights into Responses to Hypoxia and Secretion Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Principles in the Management of Glioblastoma.Genes · 2024Review
- Hypoxic glioblastoma-cell-derived extracellular vesicles impair cGAS-STING activity in macrophages.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Article
- Integrated transcriptomics uncovers an enhanced association between the prion protein gene expression and vesicle dynamics signatures in glioblastomas.BMC cancer · 2024Article
- Extracellular vesicles produced by irradiated endothelial or Glioblastoma stem cells promote tumor growth and vascularization modulating tumor microenvironment.Cancer cell international · 2024Article
- Liver-derived extracellular vesicles improve whole-body glycaemic control via inter-organ communication.Nature metabolism · 2024Article
- Cancer Stem Cells and Glioblastoma: Time for Innovative Biomarkers of Radio-Resistance?Biology · 2023Review
- Spheresomes are the main extracellular vesicles in low-grade gliomas.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Proton pump inhibitors display anti-tumour potential in glioma.Cell proliferation · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive brain tumour with short survival, partly due to resistance to conventional therapy. Glioma stem cells (GSC) are likely to be involved in treatment resistance, by releasing extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing specific molecular cargoes. Here, we studied the EVs secreted by glioma stem cells (GSC-EVs) and their effects on radiation resistance and glioma progression. EVs were isolated from 3 GSCs by serial centrifugation. NanoSight measurement, cryo-electron microscopy and live imaging were used to study the EVs size, morphology and uptake, respectively. The non-GSC glioma cell lines LN229 and U118 were utilised as a recipient cell model. Wound healing assays were performed to detect cell migration. Colony formation, cell viability and invadopodium assays were conducted to detect cell survival of irradiated recipient cells and cell invasion post GSC-EV treatment. NanoString miRNA global profiling was used to select for the GSC-EVs' specific miRNAs. All three GSC cell lines secreted different amounts of EVs, and all expressed consistent levels of CD9 but different level of Alix, TSG101 and CD81. EVs were taken up by both LN229 and U118 recipient cells. In the presence of GSC-EVs, these recipient cells survived radiation exposure and initiated colony formation. After GSC-EVs exposure, LN229 and U118 cells exhibited an invasive phenotype, as indicated by an increase in cell migration. We also identified 25 highly expressed miRNAs in the GSC-EVs examined, and 8 of these miRNAs can target PTEN. It is likely that GSC-EVs and their specific miRNAs induced the phenotypic changes in the recipient cells due to the activation of the PTEN/Akt pathway. This study demonstrated that GSC-EVs have the potential to induce radiation resistance and modulate the tumour microenvironment to promote glioma progression. Future therapeutic studies should be designed to interfere with these GSC-EVs and their specific miRNAs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.