ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2022
PD-1/PD-L1 Immuno-Mediated Therapy in NAFLD: Advantages and Obstacles in the Treatment of Advanced Disease.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dynamic changes in liver-to-spleen ratio: can it be a prognostic biomarker for chemo-immunotherapy in small cell lung cancer?Translational lung cancer research · 2026Article
- Stemness CD24 activation promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progressionWorld journal of gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Drug-induced cutaneous toxicities in solid tumor oncology: mechanisms, manifestations, and management.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Liver immunology: Biological role and clinical significance.World journal of hepatology · 2025Review
- Up-regulated programmed cell death protein-1/its ligand 1 expression promotes metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease malignant progression.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2025Article
- Real world study on combining local interventions with systemic therapy in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Recent advances in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-associated hepatocellular carcinoma: immune cells, metabolic dysregulation, and therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Global, regional, and national burden of NASH related liver cancer in adults aged 45 and above: an analysis from the GBD 2021 and forecast to 2050.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Impact of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease on the efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma.Cancer biology & medicine · 2024Article
- The PD-1/PD-L1 Axis in the Biology of MASLD.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The bidirectional immune crosstalk in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.Cell metabolism · 2023Review
- Fibrotic immune microenvironment remodeling mediates superior anti-tumor efficacy of a nano-PD-L1 trap in hepatocellular carcinoma.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2023Article
- Immunotherapy for NAFLD and NAFLD-related hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- The Multifaceted Roles of Macrophages in NAFLD Pathogenesis.Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology · 2023Review
- Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Study on the Multi-Target Mechanisms ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The m6A/m5C/m1A Regulated Gene Signature Predicts the Prognosis and Correlates With the Immune Status of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by an enhanced activation of the immune system, which predispose the evolution to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Resident macrophages and leukocytes exert a key role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. In particular, CD4+ effector T cells are activated during the early stages of liver inflammation and are followed by the increase of natural killer T cells and of CD8+ T cytotoxic lymphocytes which contribute to auto-aggressive tissue damage. To counteract T cells activation, programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PDL-1 are exposed respectively on lymphocytes and liver cells' surface and can be targeted for therapy by using specific monoclonal antibodies, such as of Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab, and Atezolizumab. Despite the combination of Atezolizumab and Bevacizumab has been approved for the treatment of advanced HCC, PD-1/PD-L1 blockage treatment has not been approved for NAFLD and adjuvant immunotherapy does not seem to improve survival of patients with early-stage HCC. In this regard, different ongoing phase III trials are testing the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies in HCC patients as first line therapy and in combination with other treatments. However, in the context of NAFLD, immune checkpoints inhibitors may not improve HCC prognosis, even worse leading to an increase of CD8+PD-1+ T cells and effector cytokines which aggravate liver damage. Here, we will describe the main pathogenetic mechanisms which characterize the immune system involvement in NAFLD discussing advantages and obstacles of anti PD-1/PDL-1 immunotherapy.
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Registered trials
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