ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2022
Artificial Tears: Biological Role of Their Ingredients in the Management of Dry Eye Disease.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 136 citations in OpenAlex.
- Treating socket discharge and discomfort: a crossover randomised trial of vitamin A ointment, low-dose steroid eyedrops and artificial tears.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2026Trial
- Laughter Exercise for Symptomatic Improvement in Dry Eye Following Cataract Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Trial
- ADSC-enriched adipose extract alleviates cartilage fibrosis in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis by inhibiting chondrocyte senescence.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Trial
- Efficacy and safety of a multi-action tear substitute based on 0.15% cross-linked hyaluronic acid, 3% trehalose and liposomes with stearylamine: A randomized, single-mask, controlled study.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Trial
- Patient Experience with ABBV-444, a Proof-of-Concept Study for a Novel Artificial Tear with Trehalose and Sodium Hyaluronate for Dry Eye Symptoms.Clinical optometry · 2025Trial
- Comparison of therapeutic effects of 0.05% Cyclosporine A versus 0.1% Fluorometholone in Chinese patients with mild dry eye unresponsive to artificial tears: a randomized control study.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Trial
- Cationic nanoemulsion vs. 0.15% sodium hyaluronate artificial tears in the healing process following modern surface keratorefractive surgery.European journal of ophthalmology · 2023Trial
- Performance and Safety of a Sodium Hyaluronate Tear Substitute with Polyethylene Glycol in Dry Eye Disease: A Multicenter, Investigator-Masked, Randomized, Noninferiority Trial.Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics · 2022Trial
- Immune inflammatory targets and anti-inflammatory therapy in dry eye disease.International ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Dietary and Formulation Potential of Natural Oils and Fats in Ocular Health and Disease: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Future Directions.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Evaluation of Propolis and Diclofenac Sodium Eye Drops for Animals: Physicochemical Properties and In Vitro Biological Activity.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A National Survey Including Data from 5986 Dry Eyes Treated with a Novel Tear Substitute Containing Ribohyal.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Promising Glaucoma Medication: A Comprehensive Translational Evaluation.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Long-Term Evolution of Treatment Outcomes with Once-Daily Ciclosporin A 0.1% Cationic Emulsion in Patients with Dry Eye Disease and Severe Keratitis.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Article
- Article
- THBS1 inhibition alleviates inflammatory response by inhibiting TGF-β and NLRP3 inflammasome in experimental murine dry eye.Medical molecular morphology · 2026Article
- Oxidative Stress in Dry Eye Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Bridging Therapeutics and Nanotechnology in Dry Eye Disease: A Review of Risk Factors, Drug Delivery Barriers, and Recent and Future Endeavors for Disease Management.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Review
- Advances in Pharmacotherapy and Physiotherapy for Dry Eye Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Future Directions-A Narrative Literature Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- A dual-function rebamipide cubogel for enhanced ocular penetration and tear film restoration: optimization, safety, and in-vivo evaluation.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is the most common ocular surface disease, characterized by insufficient production and/or instability of the tear film. Tear substitutes are usually the first line of treatment for patients with DED. Despite the large variety of tear substitutes available on the market, few studies have been performed to compare their performance. There is a need to better understand the specific mechanical and pharmacological roles of each ingredient composing the different formulations. In this review, we describe the main categories of ingredients composing tear substitutes (e.g., viscosity-enhancing agents, electrolytes, osmo-protectants, antioxidants, lipids, surfactants and preservatives) as well as their effects on the ocular surface, and we provide insight into how certain components of tear substitutes may promote corneal wound healing, and/or counteract inflammation. Based on these considerations, we propose an approach to select the most appropriate tear substitute formulations according to the predominant etiological causes of DED.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.