ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2022
Molecular Mechanisms and Physiological Changes behind Benign Tracheal and Subglottic Stenosis in Adults.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07654517 (A Phase I Evaluation of the Safety and Tolerability of Pirfenidone in Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis), which is not on this map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase I Evaluation of the Safety and Tolerability of Pirfenidone in Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guidelines for the Management of Adult Subglottic and Tracheal Stenosis From the Korean Bronchoesophagological Society.Clinical and experimental otorhinolaryngology · 2026Guideline
- Percutaneous tracheostomy: Comparison of three different methods with respect to tracheal cartilage injury in cadavers-Randomized controlled study.Pathology oncology research : POR · 2023Trial
- Exploring pathogenetic mechanisms in subglottic stenosis: A narrative review toward an integrated molecular classification.Multidisciplinary respiratory medicine · 2026Article
- Tracheal Stenting with Dumon Stent - A Novel Treatment Modality for Tracheal Stenosis.International archives of otorhinolaryngology · 2026Article
- The use of centrifugated autologous lipoaspirate in the endoscopic management of idiopathic subglottic stenosis: results from a retrospective non-randomized study.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Observational
- Evaluation and Comparison of Treatment with Polymerised Collagen or Pirfenidone as Stand-Alone Therapy on the Production of Profibrotic Factors in Tracheal Stenosis and Tracheal Anastomosis Scarring After Resection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Breast Implants: Biomaterials, Surfaces, Biocompatibility-A Biomedical Engineering Perspective.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- ACOD1-itaconate in macrophage attenuates oxidative stress and inflammation in benign airway stenosis by upregulating and transferring FTH1.Redox biology · 2026Article
- Management of postintubation tracheal stenosis in a neurosurgical patient with tracheomalacia and scarring tendency: A case report.Medicine · 2026Article
- Intubated COVID-19 Patients More Likely to Develop Subglottic Stenosis.Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology · 2026Article
- The multidisciplinary strategy to severe neck contracture and complex post-tracheostomy tracheal stenosis: A case report.Medicine · 2026Article
- TAPI-1 Combined With Silicone Stents Alleviated Severe Traumatic Tracheal Stenosis via the ADAM17/TGF-β1 Pathway.Canadian respiratory journal · 2026Article
- Benign subglottic stenosis from a rheumatologist' perspective: a narrative review.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Review
- Stent and Resection Anastomosis in Patients with Complex Tracheal Stenosis: The Stars Retrospective Multicenter Trial.Interdisciplinary cardiovascular and thoracic surgery · 2025Observational
- Research on tracheal stenosis based on molecular biomarkers.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- circRNA-associated-ceRNA networks in patients with traumatic tracheal stenosis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Efficacy and safety of self-expandable metallic stent on benign tracheobronchial stenosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Article
- Mitomycin C Induces Autophagy in Human Tracheal Fibroblasts and Suppresses Their Growth.Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology · 2025Article
- Identification of the role ofJournal of thoracic disease · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
22 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) is a complex and heterogeneous disease whose pathogenesis remains unclear. LTS is considered to be the result of aberrant wound-healing process that leads to fibrotic scarring, originating from different aetiology. Although iatrogenic aetiology is the main cause of subglottic or tracheal stenosis, also autoimmune and infectious diseases may be involved in causing LTS. Furthermore, fibrotic obstruction in the anatomic region under the glottis can also be diagnosed without apparent aetiology after a comprehensive workup; in this case, the pathological process is called idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS). So far, the laryngotracheal scar resulting from airway injury due to different diseases was considered as inert tissue requiring surgical removal to restore airway patency. However, this assumption has recently been revised by regarding the tracheal scarring process as a fibroinflammatory event due to immunological alteration, similar to other fibrotic diseases. Recent acquisitions suggest that different factors, such as growth factors, cytokines, altered fibroblast function and genetic susceptibility, can all interact in a complex way leading to aberrant and fibrotic wound healing after an insult that acts as a trigger. However, also physiological derangement due to LTS could play a role in promoting dysregulated response to laryngo-tracheal mucosal injury, through biomechanical stress and mechanotransduction activation. The aim of this narrative review is to present the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding molecular mechanisms, as well as mechanical and physio-pathological features behind LTS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.