ReviewNanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Safety Assessment of 2D MXenes: In Vitro and In Vivo.
Review in Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed.
- Optical Detection of Cellular Signals at Material Interfaces.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- MXenes at the Immune Interface: A Perspective on Influence of Physicochemical Design in Immunomodulation.ACS omega · 2026Review
- Review
- Multifunctional Cellulose Nanofiber Films With Embedded Highly Oriented MXene Flakes.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Biomimetic Design of Biopolymer-Based Water-Resistant Food Packaging Materials.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2026Review
- MXene Bioinks for 3D Bioprinting: Design and Translation.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- MXene-Based Piezoelectric and Triboelectric Energy Harvesters for Personalized Monitoring and Therapeutics.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- Exploring the Antimicrobial Potential of Vanadium-Based MXenes for Biomedical Applications.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Article
- Double-Transition-Metal MXenes: Multimetallic 2D Platforms for Next-Generation Biomedicine.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- MXene/TiOInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Engineered MoSNanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- MXene Nanomaterial Interfaces: Pioneering Neural Signal Recording for Brain-Computer Interfaces and Cognitive Therapy.Topics in current chemistry (Cham) · 2026Review
- Beyond graphene: the MXene era in bioprinting.Biomedical engineering online · 2026Review
- Predictive and Mechanism-Based Toxicity Evaluation of Engineered Nanoparticles.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Biocompatibility and immunomodulation of MXenes for targeted delivery of bioactive agents and drugs.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota responses to two-dimensional materials: insights fromFrontiers in toxicology · 2026Review
- MXenes in diabetes: diagnostic and therapeutic applications.RSC advances · 2025Review
- Theranostic potential of MXene-based platforms for dual MiRNA targeting in metastatic bladder cancer.Cancer cell international · 2025Review
- Guides for Developing Hundreds of Novel Chiral MXenes and MBenes Nanosheets/Quantum Dots for Next-Generation Chiral Engineered Biomaterials Applications.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Review
- 2D materials for nutraceutical delivery and smart packaging: multifunctional, sustainable, and responsive applications.RSC advances · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
MXenes, representing a new class of two-dimensional nanomaterial, have attracted intense interest in a variety of fields as supercapacitors, catalysts, and sensors, and in biomedicine. The assessment of the safety of MXenes and related materials in biological systems is thus an issue that requires significant attention. In this review, the toxic effects of MXenes and their derivatives are summarized through the discussion of current research into their behaviors in mammalian cells, animals and plants. Numerous studies have shown that MXenes have generally low cytotoxicity and good biocompatibility. However, a few studies have indicated that MXenes are toxic to stem cells and embryos. These in vitro and in vivo toxic effects are strongly associated with the dose of material, the cell type, the mode of exposure, and the specific type of MXene. In addition, surface modifications alter the toxic effects of MXenes. The stability of MXenes must be considered during toxicity evaluation, as degradation can lead to potentially toxic byproducts. Although research concerning the toxicity of MXenes is limited, this review provides an overview of the current understanding of interactions of MXenes with biological systems and suggests future research directions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.