ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2022
Importance of the Immune Microenvironment in the Spontaneous Regression of Cervical Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (cSIL) and Implications for Immunotherapy.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05405270 (Predicting Response In Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia to Topical Imiquimod Treatment), which is not on this map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Predicting Response In Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia to Topical Imiquimod Treatment
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Noninvasive Sampling Reveals Distinct Human Papillomavirus and Immune Signatures Associated With Cytological Abnormalities in People Living With HIV-1.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Local immunosuppressive microenvironment underlies reduced responsiveness to imiquimod treatment in recurrent or residual cervical HSIL.Gynecologic oncology reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Innovations in HPV vaccination and their role in global cervical cancer control: a review.Therapeutic advances in vaccines and immunotherapy · 2026Review
- Topical vaginal drug therapy in cervical cancer management: a review of clinical trials and preclinical evidence.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Improving imiquimod use in cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions: A qualitative study.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2025Article
- Article
- The Predictive Impact of HPV Genotypes, Tumor Suppressors and Local Immune Response in the Regression of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia 2-3: A Prospective Population-Based Cohort Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Vaginal Microbiota and Local Immunity in HPV-Induced High-Grade Cervical Dysplasia: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Genetic Variants of Interleukin-8 and Interleukin-16 and Their Association with Cervical Cancer Risk.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Analysing the gene expression profiles of the orphan nuclear receptors NR4A1, NR4A2 and NR4A3 in premalignant lesions of the cervix and cervicitis.European journal of obstetrics & gynecology and reproductive biology: X · 2024Article
- The High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Type Influences the Tissue Microenvironment in Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 2.Viruses · 2023Article
- Alterations of Vaginal Microbiota andMicroorganisms · 2023Review
- Low-Grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN1) Evolution: Analysis of Opportunistic Preventive Vaccination Role.Vaccines · 2023Article
- The effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy on the local immune response of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (cHSILs) develop as a result of a persistent high-risk human papilloma virus (hrHPV) infection. The natural course of cHSIL is hard to predict, depending on a multitude of viral, clinical, and immunological factors. Local immunity is pivotal in the pathogenesis, spontaneous regression, and progression of cervical dysplasia; however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. The aim of this review is to outline the changes in the immune microenvironment in spontaneous regression, persistence, and responses to (immuno)therapy. In lesion persistence and progression, the immune microenvironment of cHSIL is characterized by a lack of intraepithelial CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cell infiltrates and Langerhans cells compared to the normal epithelium and by an increased number of CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and CD163+ M2 macrophages. Spontaneous regression is characterized by low numbers of Tregs, more intraepithelial CD8+ T cells, and a high CD4+/CD25+ T cell ratio. A 'hot' immune microenvironment appears to be essential for spontaneous regression of cHSIL. Moreover, immunotherapy, such as imiquimod and therapeutic HPV vaccination, may enhance a preexisting pro-inflammatory immune environment contributing to lesion regression. The preexisting immune composition may reflect the potential for lesion regression, leading to a possible immune biomarker for immunotherapy in cHSILs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.