ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2022
Opioids and Ocular Surface Pathology: A Literature Review of New Treatments Horizons.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of varenicline nasal spray in dry eye disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.International ophthalmology · 2026Pooled it
- Perfluorohexyloctane eye drops in treating dry eye disease associated with meibomian gland dysfunction: a post hoc analysis by baseline severity.International ophthalmology · 2026Trial
- Switching from preserved to preservative-free artificial tears and short-term change in dry eye symptoms and signs: a prospective self-controlled clinic cohort.International ophthalmology · 2026Observational
- Optimization and formulation of cyclosporine-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for the management of dry eye syndrome by using centre composite design approaches.International ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Evaluation of ocular surface retention of artificial tears by scintigraphy.International ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Ocular surface disease and psychological distress in central serous chorioretinopathy.International ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Therapeutic effects of Chelidonium majus on ocular surface ınflammation and tear film homeostasis in a benzalkonium chloride-ınduced rat model of dry eye disease.International ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Seasonal variations and environmental factors associated with allergic ocular surface disease: A prospective observational study of clinical presentation patterns in South Asian region.International ophthalmology · 2026Observational
- Corneal Sensory Receptors and Pharmacological Therapies to Modulate Ocular Pain.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Corneal neuropathic pain: a review to inform clinical practice.Eye (London, England) · 2024Review
- Coexistence of neuropathic corneal pain, corneal nerve abnormalities, depression, and low quality of life.Eye (London, England) · 2024Article
- Characterization of Infectious Keratitis in Opioid Users in a County Hospital Setting.Cornea open · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This review discusses the role of opioids in the corneal surface and the different pathways and therapeutic methods of management. A literature review was performed using PubMed database. For the database search, the main searching words "opioid" and "topical opioid treatment" were used with the descriptors "cornea", "ocular surface", "neuropathic corneal pain", "corneal sensitivity" and "naltrexone"; original scientific articles and reviews were included to achieve the purpose of the review. The endogenous opioid system has relevant functions in the organism, and in daily use, opioids are used as painkillers. However, these drugs may be employed for other indications as opioid pathways have a wide spectrum. The corneal surface for topical treatment is easily accessible, hence sparing the side effects of systemic opioids. Instillation of opioid antagonist substances, such as naltrexone, increases corneal healing rates and stimulates the division of corneal epithelium cells without deleterious effects. The natural modulation of endogenous opioids controls different forms of pain, including inflammatory and neuropathic pain, both in the ocular surface and in the central nervous system. There are diverse methods in controlling pain using opioids, especially in refractory forms. This review attempts to collect the literature about corneal surface and opioid pathways to provide an overview image and a possible direction of the news treatments.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.