ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2022
Disentangling the Legal and Illegal Wildlife Trade-Insights from Indonesian Wildlife Market Surveys.
Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- From Forest Extraction to Digital Markets: Illegal Macaw Trade and Adaptive Monitoring for Forest Wildlife Resilience.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
- COVID-19 and One Health Governance in Indonesia reveal challenges at the Wildlife Interface.EcoHealth · 2026Article
- Threatened synanthropes depend on intact forests: a critical evaluation of Moore et al. (2023).Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2025Article
- Human-Caused High Direct Mortality in Birds: Unsustainable Trends and Ameliorative Actions.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Is biomedical research demand driving a monkey business?One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2023Article
- Risk of Viral Infectious Diseases from Live Bats, Primates, Rodents and Carnivores for Sale in Indonesian Wildlife Markets.Viruses · 2022Article
- Wildlife Crime: Issues and Promising Solutions.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Confounding Rules Can Hinder Conservation: Disparities in Law Regulation on Domestic and International Parrot Trade within and among Neotropical Countries.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
It is challenging to disentangle the legal and illegal aspects of wild-caught animals that are traded in wildlife markets or online, and this may diminish the value of conducting wildlife trade surveys. We present empirical studies on the trade in birds (ducks, owls, songbirds, non-passerines) in Indonesia (2005 to 2021). Based on visits to wildlife markets, wholesale traders, and monitoring of an Instagram account, we examine if five specific pieces of legislation (domestic and international) are adhered to: (1) protected species, (2) harvest quota, (3) welfare, (4) provincial transport restrictions, and (5) illegal import of CITES-listed species. Our five distinctly different case studies showed that in each case, certain rules and regulations were adhered to, whilst others were violated to varying degrees. When trade involved non-protected species, there was frequently a lack of harvest quotas or trade occurred above these allocated quotas. Basic welfare provisions were regularly and habitually violated. Visiting wildlife markets and recording first-hand what is openly offered for sale is a highly reliable, verifiable, and valuable method of data collection that can give insight in numerous aspects of the animal trade. Our research provides support for recognising the urgency for the government to take appropriate action to curb all the illegal aspects of the bird trade in Indonesia.
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