ArticleNutrients2022
Dietary Sodium and Potassium Intake and Risk of Non-Fatal Cardiovascular Diseases: The Million Veteran Program.
Article in Nutrients, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sodium and potassium intake in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review of clinical studies with implications for disease-related outcomes.Rheumatology international · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Buprestid Beetles of Togo: Ecological, Sociocultural, and Nutritional Impacts of a High Quality Food Source.Insects · 2026Article
- A Qualitative Study to Investigate the Nutrition Perspectives and Experiences of Veterans with CKD.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2025Article
- Sodium, potassium intake and urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio in rheumatoid arthritis: association with markers of cardiovascular dysfunction and disease-related parameters.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Article
- Women Veterans' Stroke Risk Factors: Identified Prevention Methods and Knowledge Gaps.Military medicine · 2025Article
- Dietary Cholesterol and Myocardial Infarction in the Million Veteran Program.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Dietary potassium intake and its interaction with sodium intake on risk of developing cardiovascular disease in persons with type 2 diabetes: The Japan Diabetes Complication and its Prevention Prospective study (JDCP study 12).Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Article
- Association of Adding Salt to Foods and Potassium Intake with Incident Atrial Fibrillation in the UK Biobank Study.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Article
- The predictive role of the total potassium intake and odds of breast cancer: a case-control study.BMC cancer · 2024Article
- Sodium, potassium intake, and all-cause mortality: confusion and new findings.BMC public health · 2024Observational
- Dietary ω-3 fatty acids and the incidence of atrial fibrillation in the Million Veteran Program.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2023Article
- Correlation of Vitamin 25(OH)D, Liver Enzymes, Potassium, and Oxidative Stress Markers with Lipid Profile and Atheromatic Index: A Pilot Study.Journal of xenobiotics · 2023Article
- Data resource profile: nutrition data in the VA million veteran program.International journal of population data science · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Objective: To examine the association between intakes of sodium and potassium and the ratio of sodium to potassium and incident myocardial infarction and stroke. Design, Setting and Participants: Prospective cohort study of 180,156 Veterans aged 19 to 107 years with plausible dietary intake measured by food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) who were free of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer at baseline in the VA Million Veteran Program (MVP). Main outcome measures: CVD defined as non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) or acute ischemic stroke (AIS) ascertained using high-throughput phenotyping algorithms applied to electronic health records. Results: During up to 8 years of follow-up, we documented 4090 CVD cases (2499 MI and 1712 AIS). After adjustment for confounding factors, a higher sodium intake was associated with a higher risk of CVD, whereas potassium intake was inversely associated with the risk of CVD [hazard ratio (HR) comparing extreme quintiles, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09 (95% CI: 0.99−1.21, p trend = 0.01) for sodium and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.79−0.96, p trend = 0.005) for potassium]. In addition, the ratio of sodium to potassium (Na/K ratio) was positively associated with the risk of CVD (HR comparing extreme quintiles = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.14−1.39, p trend < 0.0001). The associations of Na/K ratio were consistent for two subtypes of CVD; one standard deviation increment in the ratio was associated with HRs (95% CI) of 1.12 (1.06−1.19) for MI and 1.11 (1.03−1.19) for AIS. In secondary analyses, the observed associations were consistent across race and status for diabetes, hypertension, and high cholesterol at baseline. Associations appeared to be more pronounced among participants with poor dietary quality. Conclusions: A high sodium intake and a low potassium intake were associated with a higher risk of CVD in this large population of US veterans.
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