ArticleNutrients2022
Potential "Therapeutic" Effects of Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction (TRF) and Carotene "Against" Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Rats via TGF-β/Smad, PI3K/Akt/mTOR and NF-κB Signaling Pathways.
Article in Nutrients, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring the role of tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) in ameliorating neuroinflammation.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Article
- Association between carotene intake and hospital-acquired pneumonia in elderly men: a cross-sectional study.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2025Article
- Anti-Hair Loss Potential of Perilla Seed Extracts: In Vitro Molecular Insights from Supercritical Fluid Extraction.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes alleviate radiation induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting the protein kinase B/nuclear factor kappa B pathway.World journal of stem cells · 2025Article
- The Hypoxia-Retinoid Axis in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Multifaceted Etiology and Therapeutic Potential.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Tanshinone IIA affects the proliferation of A549/Tax by affecting the expression of MMP7 through the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Retinoids in scarless skin regeneration: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Sinomenine attenuates pulmonary fibrosis by downregulating TGF-β1/Smad3, PI3K/Akt and NF-κB signaling pathways.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2024Article
- Tocotrienol-Rich Fractions Offer Potential to Suppress Pulmonary Fibrosis Progression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Epigallocatechin Gallate Relieved PM2.5-Induced Lung Fibrosis by Inhibiting Oxidative Damage and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition through AKT/mTOR Pathway.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic, progressive, and, ultimately, terminal interstitial disease caused by a variety of factors, ranging from genetics, bacterial, and viral infections, to drugs and other influences. Varying degrees of PF and its rapid progress have been widely reported in post-COVID-19 patients and there is consequently an urgent need to develop an appropriate, cost-effective approach for the prevention and management of PF.
aimThe potential "therapeutic" effect of the tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) and carotene against bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung fibrosis was investigated in rats via the modulation of TGF-β/Smad, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and NF-κB signaling pathways. DESIGN/
methodsLung fibrosis was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by a single intratracheal BLM (5 mg/kg) injection. These rats were subsequently treated with TRF (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body wt/day), carotene (10 mg/kg body wt/day), or a combination of TRF (200 mg/kg body wt/day) and carotene (10 mg/kg body wt/day) for 28 days by gavage administration. A group of normal rats was provided with saline as a substitute for BLM as the control. Lung function and biochemical, histopathological, and molecular alterations were studied in the lung tissues.
resultsBoth the TRF and carotene treatments were found to significantly restore the BLM-induced alterations in anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions. The treatments appeared to show pneumoprotective effects through the upregulation of antioxidant status, downregulation of MMP-7 and inflammatory cytokine expressions, and reduction in collagen accumulation (hydroxyproline). We demonstrated that TRF and carotene ameliorate BLM-induced lung injuries through the inhibition of apoptosis, the induction of TGF-β1/Smad, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and NF-κB signaling pathways. Furthermore, the increased expression levels were shown to be significantly and dose-dependently downregulated by TRF (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body wt/day) treatment in high probability. The histopathological findings further confirmed that the TRF and carotene treatments had significantly attenuated the BLM-induced lung injury in rats.
conclusionThe results of this study clearly indicate the ability of TRF and carotene to restore the antioxidant system and to inhibit proinflammatory cytokines. These findings, thus, revealed the potential of TRF and carotene as preventive candidates for the treatment of PF in the future.
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