ReviewCancers2022
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Advanced Prostate Cancer: Current Data and Future Perspectives.
Review in Cancers, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Best therapeutic approach in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer based on disease volume: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.The oncologist · 2026Pooled it
- Pembrolizumab Plus Docetaxel Versus Docetaxel for Previously Treated Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: The Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase III KEYNOTE-921 Trial.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2025Trial
- Current landscape and emerging trends of PD-1/PD-L1 research in prostate cancer: A data-driven atlas from multidatabase integration.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota and its metabolites: Key factors of drug resistance in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2026Review
- Molecular origin, discovery, validation and application of neoantigens.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2026Review
- A novel aurora kinase molecular glue-based degrader sp-2-067 inhibits prostate cancer cell growth and alters immune profile.Investigational new drugs · 2026Article
- DNA damage repair gene defects combined predict the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Article
- Synergistic targeting strategies for prostate cancer.Nature reviews. Urology · 2025Review
- Spatially organized lymphocytic microenvironments in high grade primary prostate tumors.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- SPOP and MMR/MSI alterations in prostate cancer: relationship with PD-L1, TILs and AR expression.Pathologica · 2025Article
- From Hypoxia to Bone: Reprogramming the Prostate Cancer Metastatic Cascade.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- A retrospective analysis of tissue, liquid, and germline testing in Hispanic and non-Hispanic men with advanced hormone-sensitive prostate cancer.Urologic oncology · 2025Article
- Role of multi‑omics in advancing the understanding and treatment of prostate cancer (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- Review
- Prostate cancer immunotherapy-based strategies: an updated review emphasizing immune checkpoint inhibitors.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Disulfidptosis-related subtype and prognostic signature in prostate cancer.Biology direct · 2024Article
- NDR1 mediates PD-L1 deubiquitination to promote prostate cancer immune escape via USP10.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Article
- Endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes as prognostic and immunogenic biomarkers in prostate cancer.European journal of medical research · 2024Article
- Molecular Mechanisms of Prostate Cancer Development in the Precision Medicine Era: A Comprehensive Review.Cancers · 2024Review
- Sex differences in cancer and immunotherapy outcomes: the role of androgen receptor.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 9 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the last 10 years, many new therapeutic options have been approved in advanced prostate cancer (PCa) patients, granting a more prolonged survival in patients with metastatic disease, which, nevertheless, remains incurable. The emphasis on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has led to many trials in this setting, with disappointing results until now. Therefore, we discuss the immunobiology of PCa, presenting ongoing trials and the available clinical data, to understand if immunotherapy could represent a valid option in this disease, and which subset of patients may be more likely to benefit. Current evidence suggests that the tumor microenvironment needs a qualitative rather than quantitative evaluation, along with the genomic determinants of prostate tumor cells. The prognostic or predictive value of immunotherapy biomarkers, such as PD-L1, TMB, or dMMR/MSI-high, needs further evaluation in PCa. Monotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has been modestly effective. In contrast, combined strategies with other standard treatments (hormonal agents, chemotherapy, PARP inhibitors, radium-223, and TKIs) have shown some results. Immunotherapy should be better investigated in biomarker-selected patients, particularly with specific pathway aberrations (e.g., AR-V7 variant, HRD, CDK12 inactivated tumors, MSI-high tumors). Lastly, we present new possible targets in PCa that could potentially modulate the tumor microenvironment and improve antitumor activity with ICIs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.