Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35266076›Full record

ArticleThe European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care2023

Inequality, public health, and COVID-19: an analysis of the Spanish case by municipalities.

Ignacio Amate-Fortes, Almudena Guarnido-Rueda

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
4.2field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  3. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Ignacio Amate-FortesAssociate Professor of Applied Economics, Department of Economics and Business, University of Almeria, Carretera de Sacramento, s/n 04120, Almeria, Spain. iamate@ual.es.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0209-6731
Almudena Guarnido-RuedaAssociate Professor of Applied Economics, Department of Economics and Business, University of Almeria, Carretera de Sacramento, s/n 04120, Almeria, Spain.
University of Almería · ES

Funding

UAL-FEDER 2020 (Junta de Andalucia) UAL2020-SEJ-D1999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The main objective of this work is to analyze whether inequality in income distribution has an effect on COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates during the first wave of the pandemic, and how the public health system mitigates these effects. To this end, the case of 819 Spanish municipalities is used, and a linear cross-sectional model is estimated. The results obtained allow us to conclude that a higher level of income inequality generates a higher rate of infections but not deaths, highlighting the importance of the Spanish National Health Service, which does not distinguish by income level. Likewise, early detection of infection measured by the number of primary care centers per 100,000 inhabitants, access to health care for the treatment of the most severe cases, unemployment as a proxy for job insecurity, climatic conditions, and population density are also important factors that determine how COVID-19 affects the population.

Indexed as

COVID-19CitiesCross-Sectional StudiesHumansIncomePublic HealthSocioeconomic FactorsState MedicineCOVID-19Health centersIncome inequalityPopulation densityUnemployment

Identifiers

PMID35266076
PMCPMC8906523
OpenAlexW4221121586

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.