ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2022
Identification of Distinct Long COVID Clinical Phenotypes Through Cluster Analysis of Self-Reported Symptoms.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 145 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness and tolerance of exercise interventions for long COVID: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials.BMJ open · 2025Pooled it
- Musculoskeletal manifestations in post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Interventions for the management of long covid (post-covid condition): living systematic review.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2024Pooled it
- Long COVID symptom profiles, workforce participation, and working hours among adults in England: a population-based cohort study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- A mixed-methods study comparing clinical and patient-reported perspectives on long COVID: insights from electronic health records and narrative journal entries.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Observational
- Persistent Symptoms After SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Referred Occupational Clinical Registry: Symptom Patterns and Associated Factors.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Identifying Long Covid phenotypes and their association with personal characteristics, healthcare use, and daily life burden: population-based study in Belgium.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Post-COVID-19 physical and mental quality of life: a latent profile analysis and predictive factors.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Latent transition analysis for longitudinal studies of post-acute infection syndromes.Nature communications · 2026Article
- A perfect storm: the immunological and pathophysiological landscape of pediatric post-COVID-19 condition.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Identifying subtypes of Long COVID: a systematic review.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Characterizing Host Inflammatory Bioprofiles in People With Postacute Sequelae SARS-CoV-2 Infection (PASC).Journal of immunology research · 2026Article
- Algorithm dependence of patient phenotypes in Long COVID: a patient-led, multi-method clustering of 6031 patients using 162 self-reported symptoms.Oxford open immunology · 2026Article
- COVID-19-associated neurological and psychological manifestations.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2025Review
- Impact of long COVID phenotypes on quality of life following symptomatic omicron infection in Brazil: a machine learning analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Observational
- Digitally Assessed Long COVID Symptomatology Is Associated With Lymphocyte Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Altered Immune Potential.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Children and young people with persistent post-COVID-19 condition over 24 months: a mixed-methods study.BMJ paediatrics open · 2025Article
- Article
- Cognitive Impairments in Two Samples of Individuals with ME/CFS and Long COVID: A Comparative Analysis.Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings · 2025Article
- Post-COVID-19 condition: clinical phenotypes, pathophysiological mechanisms, pathology, and management strategies.The Journal of pathology · 2025Review
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: We aimed to describe the clinical presentation of individuals presenting with prolonged recovery from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), known as long COVID. Methods: This was an analysis within a multicenter, prospective cohort study of individuals with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and persistent symptoms >4 weeks from onset of acute symptoms. We performed a multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) on the most common self-reported symptoms and hierarchical clustering on the results of the MCA to identify symptom clusters. Results: Two hundred thirty-three individuals were included in the analysis; the median age of the cohort was 43 (interquartile range [IQR], 36-54) years, 74% were women, and 77.3% reported a mild initial illness. MCA and hierarchical clustering revealed 3 clusters. Cluster 1 had predominantly pain symptoms with a higher proportion of joint pain, myalgia, and headache; cluster 2 had a preponderance of cardiovascular symptoms with prominent chest pain, shortness of breath, and palpitations; and cluster 3 had significantly fewer symptoms than the other clusters (2 [IQR, 2-3] symptoms per individual in cluster 3 vs 6 [IQR, 5-7] and 4 [IQR, 3-5] in clusters 1 and 2, respectively; Conclusions: Clusters of symptoms are evident in long COVID patients that are associated with functional impairments and may point to distinct underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms of disease.
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