ArticleJournal of nanobiotechnology2022
Neuron secrete exosomes containing miR-9-5p to promote polarization of M1 microglia in depression.
Article in Journal of nanobiotechnology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 96 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
96 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 151 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identifying the differentially expressed peripheral blood microRNAs in psychiatric disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- miR-9-5p is Downregulated in Serum Extracellular Vesicles of Patients Treated with Biperiden After Traumatic Brain Injury.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Trial
- Exosomes in depression: mechanistic insights, diagnostic potential, and therapeutic opportunities.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Microglia and neuroinflammation: An in-depth analysis from functional diversity to disease mechanisms.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Review
- Investigation of MicroRNA Expression Levels in Peripheral Blood of Turkish Males with Cocaine Use Disorder.Epigenomes · 2026Article
- Targeting microglial circMBNL1 unlocks a novel nanomedicine therapeutic strategy for major depressive disorder.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Article
- Spinal cord injury-derived exosomes exacerbate damage: miR-155-5p mediates inflammatory responses.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Bibliometric analysis of nanomaterials in the diagnosis and treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders (1997-2025): trends and future directions.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Ventromedial hypothalamus IL-6 signaling mediates the excessive aggressive behavior induced by late-gestational sleep deprivation in male mice.Behavioral and brain functions : BBF · 2026Article
- Exosomal Circ_STAT1-AS Delivery Induced by Dexmedetomidine Modulates Microglial Polarization to Alleviate Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy by Inhibiting JAK/STAT1 Pathway.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2026Article
- Exosomal miR-1278 From Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Modulates Ldha-Mediated Microglia Polarization to Decelerate Parkinson's Disease Pathology.Neuromolecular medicine · 2026Article
- The Role of Exosomes in the Regulation of Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Treatment Resistance-Linking Cellular Crosstalk to Clinical Implications in Depression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Addictive drug abuse and depression-a focus on epigenetics.Communications biology · 2026Review
- Microglia-Neuron Crosstalk: An Intimate Molecular Conversation in Neurodegeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Intrathecal injection of rituximab inhibits microglial M1 polarisation to alleviate neuropsychiatric SLE symptoms via the cAMP/PKA/CREB signalling pathway.Lupus science & medicine · 2026Article
- The Influence of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Probiotics on Hippocampal Inflammation and Glial Cells in a Chronic Anorexia Nervosa Rat Model.The International journal of eating disorders · 2026Article
- Acupuncture as a modulator of microglial polarization and pyroptosis in depression: evidence from a chronic unpredictable mild stress rat model.Metabolic brain disease · 2026Article
- Glial Cells as Central Players in Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Damage Caused by Bacterial Pneumonia.Neuroimmunomodulation · 2026Review
- Dysfunctional circular RNA network in major depressive disorder: dissecting the cell identity and potential clinical applications.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
36 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNeuroinflammation is an important component mechanism in the development of depression. Exosomal transfer of MDD-associated microRNAs (miRNAs) from neurons to microglia might exacerbate neuronal cell inflammatory injury.
resultsBy sequence identification, we found significantly higher miR-9-5p expression levels in serum exosomes from MDD patients than healthy control (HC) subjects. Then, in cultured cell model, we observed that BV2 microglial cells internalized PC12 neuron cell-derived exosomes while successfully transferring miR-9-5p. MiR-9-5p promoted M1 polarization in microglia and led to over releasing of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), which exacerbated neurological damage. Furthermore, we identified suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) as a direct target of miR-9-5p. Overexpression of miR-9-5p suppressed SOCS2 expression and reactivated SOCS2-repressed Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathways. Consistently, we confirmed that adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated overexpression of miR-9-5p polarized microglia toward the M1 phenotype and exacerbated depressive symptoms in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mouse mode.
conclusionMiR-9-5p was transferred from neurons to microglia in an exosomal way, leading to M1 polarization of microglia and further neuronal injury. The expression and secretion of miR-9-5p might be novel therapeutic targets for MDD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.