ArticleCell reports2022
Targeted intracellular delivery of Cas13 and Cas9 nucleases using bacterial toxin-based platforms.
Article in Cell reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evolution of botulinum neurotoxin serotype X proteases to induce inflammatory cell death in cancer cells.Nature biotechnology · 2026Article
- Light-activated tetanus neurotoxin for conditional proteolysis and inducible synaptic inhibition in vivo.Nature methods · 2026Article
- Assessing off-target effects in CRISPR/Cas9: challenges and strategies for precision DNA editing.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Learn from nature: Biomimetic nanocarriers for intracellular protein delivery.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- A Chemically Induced CRISPR/dCas13Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- Anthrax Toxin: A Pioneer of Targeted Protein Toxins.Toxins · 2025Review
- Targeted degradation of α-Synuclein using an evolved botulinum toxin protease.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- An enhanced intracellular delivery platform based on a distant diphtheria toxin homolog that evades pre-existing antitoxin antibodies.EMBO molecular medicine · 2024Article
- Review
- Activity of botulinum neurotoxin X and its structure when shielded by a non-toxic non-hemagglutinin protein.Communications chemistry · 2024Article
- dCas13-mediated translational repression for accurate gene silencing in mammalian cells.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Gaining New Insights into Fundamental Biological Pathways by Bacterial Toxin-Based Genetic Screens.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Cancer Drug Delivery Systems Using Bacterial Toxin Translocation Mechanisms.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Targeting Ras with protein engineering.Oncotarget · 2023Review
- Protective Effects of a Jellyfish-Derived Thioredoxin Fused with Cell-Penetrating Peptide TAT-PTD on HInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Targeting the Inside of Cells with Biologicals: Toxin Routes in a Therapeutic Context.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2023Review
- Insights Gained from RNA Editing Targeted by the CRISPR-Cas13 Family.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Closing the Door with CRISPR: Genome Editing of CCR5 and CXCR4 as a Potential Curative Solution for HIV.Biotech (Basel (Switzerland)) · 2022Review
- Challenges and opportunities in delivering oral peptides and proteins.Expert opinion on drug deliveryReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Targeted delivery of therapeutic proteins toward specific cells and across cell membranes remains major challenges. Here, we develop protein-based delivery systems utilizing detoxified single-chain bacterial toxins such as diphtheria toxin (DT) and botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT)-like toxin, BoNT/X, as carriers. The system can deliver large protein cargoes including Cas13a, CasRx, Cas9, and Cre recombinase into cells in a receptor-dependent manner, although delivery of ribonucleoproteins containing guide RNAs is not successful. Delivery of Cas13a and CasRx, together with guide RNA expression, reduces mRNAs encoding GFP, SARS-CoV-2 fragments, and endogenous proteins PPIB, KRAS, and CXCR4 in multiple cell lines. Delivery of Cre recombinase modifies the reporter loci in cells. Delivery of Cas9, together with guide RNA expression, generates mutations at the targeted genomic sites in cell lines and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived human neurons. These findings establish modular delivery systems based on single-chain bacterial toxins for delivery of membrane-impermeable therapeutics into targeted cells.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.