ArticleJournal of applied oral science : revista FOB2022
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in subjects with different stages of periodontitis according to the new classification.
Article in Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Relationship Between MCP-1 Levels in GCF and Periodontitis: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis and Analysis of Molecular Interactions.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Effectiveness of a rhGM-CSF-Containing Gel on Promoting Wound Healing After 1927-nm Fractional Thulium Fiber Laser Treatment of Atrophic Acne Scars: A Prospective, Randomized, Split-Face, and Evaluator-Blinded Clinical Trial.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Trial
- Herpesvirus Simplex Virus-1 Exploits Inflammation to Infect Periodontal Stem Cells and Disrupt Lineage Commitment.Journal of periodontal research · 2025Article
- Cytokines in saliva, serum, and temporomandibular joint synovial fluid in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: An explorative cross-sectional study.Pediatric rheumatology online journal · 2025Article
- Meteorin-like levels of oral fluids in periodontal health and diseases: a comparative cross-sectional study.Clinical oral investigations · 2025Article
- Clinical Efficacy of Extracellular Vesicle Therapy in Periodontitis: Reduced Inflammation and Enhanced Regeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- Expression of Macrophage Polarization Markers against the Most Prevalent Serotypes ofMicroorganisms · 2022Article
- Apitherapy and Periodontal Disease: Insights into In Vitro, In Vivo, and Clinical Studies.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a multifunctional cytokine that regulates inflammatory responses in various autoimmune and inflammatory disorders.
objectiveThe purpose of this study was to analyze the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) for GM-CSF, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1α) levels in patients with stage I, stage II, stage III, and stage IV periodontitis (SI-P, SII-P, SIII-P, and SIV-P). METHODOLOGY: A total of 126 individuals were recruited for this study, including 21 periodontal healthy (PH), 21 gingivitis (G), 21 SI-P, 21 SII-P, 21 SIII-P, and 21 SIV-P patients. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), presence of bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), and attachment loss (AL) were used during the clinical periodontal assessment. GCF samples were obtained and analyzed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
resultsGCF GM-CSF, MIP-1α, and IL-1β were significantly higher in SII-P and SIII-P groups than in PH, G, and SI-P groups (p<0.05). There was no significant difference among the PH, G, and SI-P groups in IL-1β, GM-CSF, and MIP-1α levels (p>0.05).
conclusionsThese results show that GM-CSF expression was increased in SII-P, SIII-P, and SIV-P. Furthermore, GM-CSF levels may have some potential to discriminate between early and advanced stages of periodontitis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.