ArticleInterface focus2022
Comparing aerosol number and mass exhalation rates from children and adults during breathing, speaking and singing.
Article in Interface focus, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Host factors associated with respiratory particle emission and virus presence within respiratory particles: a systematic review.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- Masks and respirators for prevention of respiratory infections: a state of the science review.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Non-pharmaceutical interventions for COVID-19: a systematic review on environmental control measures.Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Singing for lung health in COPD: a multicentre randomised controlled trial of online delivery.BMJ open respiratory research · 2024Trial
- A system for invitro inhaled/exhaled aerosol testing of personal protective equipment.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Aerosol emission rates from breathing, speaking, and speaking with a surgical mask.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Determinants of respiratory tract aerosol generation in a diverse clinical population: an observational study.BMJ open respiratory research · 2025Observational
- Controlled human influenza infection reveals heterogeneous expulsion of infectious virus into air.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Determinants of respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus transmission.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Characterization of respiratory particles released during continuous speech and its relation to mask performance.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- RSV: an update on prevention and management.Australian prescriber · 2025Review
- Relative Health Risk Reduction from an Advanced Multi-Modal Air Purification System: Evaluation in a Post-Surgical Healthcare Setting.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Relationship between Exhaled Aerosol and Carbon Dioxide Emission Across Respiratory Activities.Environmental science & technology · 2024Article
- Resolving the Loss of Intermediate-Size Speech Aerosols in Funnel-Guided Particle Counting Measurement.Atmosphere · 2024Article
- Ambient carbon dioxide concentration correlates with SARS-CoV-2 aerostability and infection risk.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Respiratory particle emission rates from children during speaking.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Aerosol Particle Size Influences the Infectious Dose and Disease Severity in a Golden Syrian Hamster Model of Inhalational COVID-19.Journal of aerosol medicine and pulmonary drug delivery · 2023Article
- Influenza A and B Viruses in Fine Aerosols of Exhaled Breath Samples from Patients in Tropical Singapore.Viruses · 2023Article
- The effect of activity and face masks on exhaled particles in children.Pediatric investigation · 2023Article
- Differences in airborne stability of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern is impacted by alkalinity of surrogates of respiratory aerosol.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Aerosol particles of respirable size are exhaled when individuals breathe, speak and sing and can transmit respiratory pathogens between infected and susceptible individuals. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought into focus the need to improve the quantification of the particle number and mass exhalation rates as one route to provide estimates of viral shedding and the potential risk of transmission of viruses. Most previous studies have reported the number and mass concentrations of aerosol particles in an exhaled plume. We provide a robust assessment of the absolute particle number and mass exhalation rates from measurements of minute ventilation using a non-invasive Vyntus Hans Rudolf mask kit with straps housing a rotating vane spirometer along with measurements of the exhaled particle number concentrations and size distributions. Specifically, we report comparisons of the number and mass exhalation rates for children (12-14 years old) and adults (19-72 years old) when breathing, speaking and singing, which indicate that child and adult cohorts generate similar amounts of aerosol when performing the same activity. Mass exhalation rates are typically 0.002-0.02 ng s
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.