ReviewImmunologic research2022
An overview of the biological and multifunctional roles of IL-38 in different infectious diseases and COVID-19.
Review in Immunologic research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Anti-CD20 Therapies on Cytokine, Chemokine and Adhesion Molecule Dynamics in Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review.Neurology and therapy · 2026Review
- The Interleukin Network in Sepsis: From Cytokine Storm to Clinical Applications.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- B cells inhibit IL-1 family cytokine production and Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth in human CD14+ cells.ImmunoHorizons · 2025Article
- IL-38 as a Novel Biomarker in Multiple Myeloma Patients: A Prospective Clinical Evaluation.Cancer management and research · 2025Article
- Survivin: A key apoptosis inhibitor in COVID-19 infection and its implication for treatment protocol.Saudi journal of biological sciences · 2024Article
- Age-Related Effects on MSC Immunomodulation, Macrophage Polarization, Apoptosis, and Bone Regeneration Correlate with IL-38 Expression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- The emerging role of IL-38 in diseases: A comprehensive review.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Review
- Identifying biomarkers deciphering sepsis from trauma-induced sterile inflammation and trauma-induced sepsis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Novel insights into the role of anti-inflammatory IL-38 in immunity against infection.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Undoubtfully, the normal immune system can make a potential response to variable pathogens and neutralize or kill them depending on the type of infection through innate and acquired immunity. Cytokines have poly-peptide nature and are considered as signaling molecules that could amplify or alleviate immune responses besides their other biological functions. Interleukin 38 (IL-38) is a member of the IL-1 family cytokine that, however, its anti-inflammatory role has been observed in different autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), psoriasis, and Sjogren's syndrome; there is a controversy about the cytokine pro-inflammatory function. In the current review, we skimmed IL-38 structure, signaling mechanism, and its immunological functions, IL-38-producing immune cells. Also, we argued about the role of this cytokine in viral infections including hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), influenza (Flu), and COVID-19. Also, it illustrated the IL-38 protective effects on sepsis. Moreover, we explained the modulatory role of IL-38 in the COVID-19 cytokine storm.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.