Observational studyScientific reports2022
B-cell-depletion reverses dysbiosis of the microbiome in multiple sclerosis patients.
Observational study in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Perturbations in gut microbiota composition in patients with autoimmune neurological diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Disease-modifying therapies used to treat multiple sclerosis and the gut microbiome: a systematic review.Journal of neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Functional Training Mitigates Reduced Circulating Indole-3-Lactate Levels in Persons With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) · 2026Trial
- Eukaryotic and bacterial gut communities vary along a lifestyle-associated urbanization gradient: comparative analysis of Germany and Madagascar.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- From gut to brain: data-driven evidence suggests causal contribution of gut-microbiota to major depressive disorder in humans.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Deconfounded, quantitative microbiome profiling identifies robust multiple sclerosis markers and clinical covariate associations.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Difficult relationships between humans and bacteria: associations between multiple sclerosis and the human microbiome.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2026Review
- Immunotherapy-Mediated Modulation of the Gut Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis: The Effects of High-Efficacy (Cladribine) and Moderate-Efficacy (Interferon Beta-1a) Treatments.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota and gut-derived metabolites in defining multiple sclerosis phenotypic continuum.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The cross-talk between T and B lymphocytes and the oral microbiome in health and disease: a narrative review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Ocrelizumab transiently alters microbiota and modulates immune response depending on treatment outcome.iScience · 2025Article
- Differences in intestinal microbiota in Parkinson's disease and isolated REM sleep behavior disorder.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- Alterations of the nasal and oral microbiota in multiple sclerosis.EBioMedicine · 2025Article
- Multiple sclerosis patients exhibit oral dysbiosis with decreased early colonizers and lower hypotaurine level.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Article
- Gut Microbiome Signatures in Multiple Sclerosis: A Case-Control Study with Machine Learning and Global Data Integration.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Gut IgA-antibody secreting cells segregate into four Blimp1+ subsets based on differential expression of IgA and Ki-67 and are retained following prolonged αCD20 B cell depletion in mice.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2025Article
- Oral microbiota and central nervous system diseases: A review.Neuroprotection (Chichester, England) · 2025Review
- Alterations in Gut Microbiome-Host Relationships After Immune Perturbation in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Tryptophan pathway profiling in multiple sclerosis patients treated with ocrelizumab.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Understanding the microbiome in autologous haemopoietic stem cell transplant for multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To elucidate cross-sectional patterns and longitudinal changes of oral and stool microbiota in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and the effect of B-cell depletion. We conducted an observational, longitudinal clinical cohort study analysing four timepoints over 12 months in 36 MS patients, of whom 22 initiated B-cell depleting therapy with ocrelizumab and a healthy control group. For microbiota analysis of the oral cavity and the gut, provided stool and oral swab samples underwent 16S rDNA sequencing and subsequent bioinformatic analyses. Oral microbiota-patterns exhibited a reduced alpha-diversity and unique differential microbiota changes compared to stool such as increased levels of Proteobacteria and decreased abundance of Actinobacteria. Following B-cell depletion, we observed increased alpha-diversity in the gut and the oral cavity as well as a long-term sustained reduction of pro-inflammatory Gram-negative bacteria (e.g., Escherichia/Shigella). MS patients have altered stool and oral microbiota diversity patterns compared to healthy controls, which are most pronounced in patients with higher disease activity and disability. Therapeutic B-cell depletion is associated with persisting regression of these changes. Whether these microbial changes are unspecific side-effects of B-cell depletion or indirectly modulate MS disease activity and progression is currently unknown and necessitates further investigations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.