ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2022
Businesses in high drug use areas as potential sources of naloxone during overdose emergencies.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Overdose Prevention Centers and Neighborhood Commercial Activity in New York City.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Opportunities for employers to address the opioid epidemic: results from a national survey.Health affairs scholar · 2025Article
- Spatial associations between alcohol detection in opioid overdose deaths and alcohol outlets.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionNaloxone distribution remains a cornerstone of a public health approach to combating the ongoing opioid overdose crisis. Most distribution programs focus on providing naloxone to individuals who use drugs or those closely associated with them (e.g., family). Utilizing businesses as fixed location sources of naloxone could be a valuable supplemental strategy to preventing fatal overdoses that is underexplored in the literature.
methodsWe surveyed business owners and employees (N = 149) located in neighborhoods characterized by high rates of drug use in Baltimore City. Participants reported their interactions with people who use drugs as well as if they had heard of naloxone, if the business had naloxone on the premises, and how many employees were trained to use naloxone.
resultsMost participants reported seeing individuals under the influence of drugs (93%), public drug use (80%), and overdose (66%) while at work. 66% of participants had heard of naloxone. Among those who had heard of naloxone, only 39% reported that there was a naloxone kit in the business and 28% of businesses had multiple employees trained to use naloxone.
conclusionsBusinesses are underutilized as potential reliable sources of naloxone. While study participants reported high levels of exposure to drug use and overdose in and around their businesses, their ability to intervene was limited. Efforts to train employees to respond to overdoses and to keep naloxone on site are warranted to supplement existing naloxone distribution efforts and can help empower business staff to help prevent overdose mortality in their communities.
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Registered trials
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