Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35259190›Full record

ArticlePloS one2022

The economic burden of overweight and obesity in Saudi Arabia.

Jesse D Malkin, Drishti Baid, Reem F Alsukait, Taghred Alghaith, Mohammed Alluhidan, Hana Alabdulkarim, Abdulaziz Altowaijri, Ziyad S Almalki, Christopher H Herbst, Eric Andrew Finkelstein and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
39citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

39 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Economic costs of obesity: a systematic review.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2024
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Jesse D MalkinWorld Bank Group Consultant, Colorado Springs, Colo., United States of America.ORCID 0000-0001-7666-1532
Drishti BaidSol Price School of Public Policy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif., United States of America.
Reem F AlsukaitCommunity Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Taghred AlghaithSaudi Health Council, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed AlluhidanSaudi Health Council, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Hana AlabdulkarimDrug Policy and Economic Centre, Ministry of National Guards Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Abdulaziz AltowaijriProgram for Health Assurance and Purchasing, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Ziyad S AlmalkiDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0003-1618-4142
Christopher H HerbstHealth, Nutrition and Population Global Practice, World Bank, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Eric Andrew FinkelsteinDuke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
Sameh El-SahartyHealth, Nutrition and Population Global Practice, World Bank, Kuwait City, Kuwait.ORCID 0000-0001-6097-6775
Nahar AlazemiSaudi Health Council, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

contextThe prevalence of overweight and obesity in Saudi Arabia has been rising. Although the health burden of excess weight is well established, little is known about the economic burden.

aimsTo assess the economic burden-both direct medical costs and the value of absenteeism and presenteeism-resulting from overweight and obesity in Saudi Arabia. SETTINGS AND

designThe cost of overweight and obesity in Saudi Arabia was estimated from a societal perspective using an epidemiologic approach. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Data were obtained from previously published studies and secondary databases. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Overweight/obesity-attributable costs were calculated for six major noncommunicable diseases; sensitivity analyses were conducted for key model parameters.

resultsThe impact of overweight and obesity for these diseases is found to directly cost a total of $3.8 billion, equal to 4.3 percent of total health expenditures in Saudi Arabia in 2019. Estimated overweight and obesity-attributable absenteeism and presenteeism costs a total of $15.5 billion, equal to 0.9 percent of GDP in 2019.

conclusionsEven when limited to six diseases and a subset of total indirect costs, results indicate that overweight and obesity are a significant economic burden in Saudi Arabia. Future studies should identify strategies to reduce the health and economic burden resulting from excess weight in Saudi Arabia.

Indexed as

Financial StressOverweightCost of IllnessHumansObesityPrevalenceSaudi ArabiaWeight Gain

Identifiers

PMID35259190
PMCPMC8903282

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.