SynthesisPain practice : the official journal of World Institute of Pain2022
Examining the psychometric properties of brief screening measures of depression and anxiety in chronic pain: The Patient Health Questionnaire 2-item and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item.
Synthesis in Pain practice : the official journal of World Institute of Pain, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) and 2-item (GAD-2) scales for detecting anxiety disorders in adults.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Examining the psychometric properties of brief screening measures of depression and anxiety in chronic pain: The Patient Health Questionnaire 2-item and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item.Pain practice : the official journal of World Institute of Pain · 2022Pooled it
- Disability, Fatigue and Mental Health in Acute Versus Chronic Spinal Pain in the Gaza Strip: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study.Musculoskeletal care · 2026Article
- Article
- Employment and industries that low-income U.S. veterans with mental illness participate in.Psychiatric rehabilitation journal · 2026Article
- Multidimensional analysis of the clinical spectrum and symptom burden of unexplained myofascial pain.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Let's talk about pain: A mixed methods exploration of patients' pain knowledge and preferred ways to introduce the biopsychosocial model of pain.Canadian journal of pain = Revue canadienne de la douleur · 2026Article
- Anxiety in Myasthenia Gravis Patients Throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic-Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Association With Vaccination Status.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- The prevalence and correlates of common mental disorders among adolescents and young adults in rural South Africa: analysis of household survey data informed by lived experience experts.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Pain Intensity and Hazardous Cannabis Use: The Moderating Role of Pain-related Anxiety.Journal of psychoactive drugs · 2025Article
- Depressive symptoms are highly prevalent and associated with fatigue and pain catastrophizing in the Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders and hypermobile Ehlers Danlos syndrome: a cross-sectional study.Rheumatology international · 2025Article
- Predictors of Patient Engagement in a Care Coordination Program.Patient preference and adherence · 2025Article
- The interplay between cognitive and psychological factors in subjective cognitive decline: contribution to the validation of a new screening battery.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- The translation and validation of the surgical anxiety questionnaire into the modern standard Arabic language: results from classical test theory and item response theory analyses.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Determinants of pain intensity and magnitude of incapability more than two years after arthroscopic Bankart repair for anterior shoulder instability.JSES international · 2024Article
- The Spider: a visual, multisystemic symptom impact questionnaire for people with hypermobility-related disorders-validation in adults.Clinical rheumatology · 2024Observational
- Changes in pain following bilateral intermittent theta-burst, transcranial magnetic stimulation for depression: A retrospective chart review.Canadian journal of pain = Revue canadienne de la douleur · 2024Article
- Factors Associated With Online Patient-Provider Communications Among Cancer Survivors in the United States During COVID-19: Cross-sectional Study.JMIR cancer · 2023Article
- The COVID-19 pandemic and mental health in Kazakhstan.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2023Article
- Mental health of the Slovak population during COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey.World journal of clinical cases · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveIndividuals with chronic pain experience anxiety and depressive symptoms at rates higher than the general population. The Patient Health Questionnaire 2-item (PHQ-2) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item (GAD-2) are brief screening measures of depression and anxiety, respectively. These brief scales are well-suited for use in routine care due to their brevity and ease of administration, yet their psychometric properties have not been established in heterogeneous chronic pain samples when administered over the Internet. MATERIALS AND
methodsUsing existing data from randomized controlled trials of an established Internet-delivered pain management program (n = 1333), we assessed the reliability, validity, diagnostic accuracy, and responsiveness to treatment change in the PHQ-2 and GAD-2, as well as the long-form counterparts. Exploratory analyses were conducted to obtain cutoff scores using those participants with diagnostic data (n = 62).
resultsThe PHQ-2 and GAD-2 demonstrated appropriate reliability (eg, Cronbach's α = 0.79-0.84), validity (eg, higher scores in individuals with a diagnosis; p < 0.001), and responsiveness to treatment change (eg, pre- to post-treatment scores, p < 0.001). The psychometric properties of the short forms compared well with the longer forms. Cutoff scores on the short forms were consistent with general population samples, while cutoff scores on the long forms were higher than previously observed using general population samples. All four scales favored specificity over sensitivity.
conclusionsThe PHQ-2 and GAD-2 demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties in the current sample, as did the long forms. Based on our findings, the PHQ-2 and GAD-2 can be used as screening tools with chronic pain samples when administered over the Internet.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.