Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35256497›Full record

ArticleSaudi medical journal2022

Self-awareness of HbA1c and its association with glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes: A multicenter study.

Joud S Almutairi, Turky H Almigbal, Hiba Y Alruhaim, Muhammad H Mujammami, Turki A AlMogbel, Abdullah M Alshahrani, Abdullah M Al Zahrani, Mohammed A Batais, Shaffi A Shaik

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Saudi medical journal, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Low income and health literacy: a systematic scoping review.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Loneliness, Binge Eating, and Type 2 Diabetes: A Novel Theoretical Model Evaluation.Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings · 2026
    Article
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  5. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Joud S AlmutairiFrom the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Almutairi, Almigbal, Alruhaim, Batais, Ahamed); from the Department of Medicine (Mujammami), Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, from the College of Medicine (Almigbal), Alfarabi College, Riyadh, from the Diabetes Centre (AlMogbel), King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, from the Department of Family Medicine (Alshahrani), College of Medicine, Bisha University, Bisha, and from the Department of Family Medicine (Al Zahrani), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Turky H AlmigbalFrom the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Almutairi, Almigbal, Alruhaim, Batais, Ahamed); from the Department of Medicine (Mujammami), Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, from the College of Medicine (Almigbal), Alfarabi College, Riyadh, from the Diabetes Centre (AlMogbel), King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, from the Department of Family Medicine (Alshahrani), College of Medicine, Bisha University, Bisha, and from the Department of Family Medicine (Al Zahrani), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Hiba Y AlruhaimFrom the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Almutairi, Almigbal, Alruhaim, Batais, Ahamed); from the Department of Medicine (Mujammami), Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, from the College of Medicine (Almigbal), Alfarabi College, Riyadh, from the Diabetes Centre (AlMogbel), King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, from the Department of Family Medicine (Alshahrani), College of Medicine, Bisha University, Bisha, and from the Department of Family Medicine (Al Zahrani), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Muhammad H MujammamiFrom the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Almutairi, Almigbal, Alruhaim, Batais, Ahamed); from the Department of Medicine (Mujammami), Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, from the College of Medicine (Almigbal), Alfarabi College, Riyadh, from the Diabetes Centre (AlMogbel), King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, from the Department of Family Medicine (Alshahrani), College of Medicine, Bisha University, Bisha, and from the Department of Family Medicine (Al Zahrani), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Turki A AlMogbelFrom the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Almutairi, Almigbal, Alruhaim, Batais, Ahamed); from the Department of Medicine (Mujammami), Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, from the College of Medicine (Almigbal), Alfarabi College, Riyadh, from the Diabetes Centre (AlMogbel), King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, from the Department of Family Medicine (Alshahrani), College of Medicine, Bisha University, Bisha, and from the Department of Family Medicine (Al Zahrani), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Abdullah M AlshahraniFrom the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Almutairi, Almigbal, Alruhaim, Batais, Ahamed); from the Department of Medicine (Mujammami), Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, from the College of Medicine (Almigbal), Alfarabi College, Riyadh, from the Diabetes Centre (AlMogbel), King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, from the Department of Family Medicine (Alshahrani), College of Medicine, Bisha University, Bisha, and from the Department of Family Medicine (Al Zahrani), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Abdullah M Al ZahraniFrom the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Almutairi, Almigbal, Alruhaim, Batais, Ahamed); from the Department of Medicine (Mujammami), Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, from the College of Medicine (Almigbal), Alfarabi College, Riyadh, from the Diabetes Centre (AlMogbel), King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, from the Department of Family Medicine (Alshahrani), College of Medicine, Bisha University, Bisha, and from the Department of Family Medicine (Al Zahrani), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed A BataisFrom the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Almutairi, Almigbal, Alruhaim, Batais, Ahamed); from the Department of Medicine (Mujammami), Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, from the College of Medicine (Almigbal), Alfarabi College, Riyadh, from the Diabetes Centre (AlMogbel), King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, from the Department of Family Medicine (Alshahrani), College of Medicine, Bisha University, Bisha, and from the Department of Family Medicine (Al Zahrani), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Shaffi A ShaikFrom the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Almutairi, Almigbal, Alruhaim, Batais, Ahamed); from the Department of Medicine (Mujammami), Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, from the College of Medicine (Almigbal), Alfarabi College, Riyadh, from the Diabetes Centre (AlMogbel), King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, from the Department of Family Medicine (Alshahrani), College of Medicine, Bisha University, Bisha, and from the Department of Family Medicine (Al Zahrani), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo measure the self-awareness of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) prevalence among type 2 diabetic Saudi patients and its association with glycemic control, thereby identifying those factors that might affect their glycemic control.

methodsThis multicenter study was carried out in outpatients' diabetes clinics in tertiary hospitals in Riyadh, Qassim, and Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The data was collected using questionnaires. The subject's self-awareness on the HbA1c test was assessed based on the combined score of 4 questions. The latest HbA1c result before the time of data collection was obtained from medical records. Data was analyzed using bivariate and multivariate statistical methods.

resultsThe prevalence of HbA1c self-awareness was approximately 44.5%. A total of 4 participants characteristics (glycemic control, education level, monthly income and number of follow-up visits) were associated with awareness of HbA1c. Whereas for better glycemic control; type of treatment, duration of diabetes, and self-awareness of HbA1c were independently statistically significantly associated.

conclusionThere is a positive association between HbA1c self-awareness and glycemic control. Glycemic control was good among those who were educated on the meaning of the test, their levels, and their target goal. Awareness among health care providers regarding the role of the patient's education regarding their condition might help in providing the patient with optimal care. Further studies with different experimental designs are needed to study this association, which will contribute to the development of a structured educational program.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Blood GlucoseGlycated HemoglobinGlycemic ControlHumansHypoglycemic AgentsMotivationBlood GlucoseGlycated HemoglobinHypoglycemic Agentsdiabetes mellitushypoglycemiahypoglycemia knowledgehypoglycemia symptomsinsulin

Identifiers

PMID35256497
PMCPMC9280542

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.