SynthesisBMJ open2022
Efficacy of education on injection technique for patients diagnosed with diabetes with lipohypertrophy: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of Appropriate Techniques of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Physical Therapy in Patients With Insulin-Associated Lipohypertrophy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of endocrinology · 2026Article
- Assessing Barriers and Adherence to Insulin Injection Technique in People With Diabetes: Development and Validation of New Assessment Tools.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2024Article
- An introduction to insulin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus.South African family practice : official journal of the South African Academy of Family Practice/Primary Care · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThis study aimed to investigate the efficacy of providing education on injection technique to patients with diabetes with lipohypertrophy (LH).
designWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis.
methodsWe included patients with diabetes who use insulin and have LH, and excluded patients without LH. We performed a literature search on CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, ICTRP and ClinicalTrials.gov in November 2021 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs). We used the revised Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool to evaluate the risk of bias in each outcome in each study. We then pooled the data using a random-effects model and evaluated the certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary endpoints were change in total daily dose (TDD) of insulin, change in HbA1c levels and prevalence of hypoglycaemia.
resultsWe screened 580 records and included three RCTs (637 participants) in the meta-analysis. Education on injection technique may slightly increase the change of TDD of insulin (three studies, 637 participants: mean difference (MD) -6.26; 95% CI -9.42 to -3.10; p<0.001; I
conclusionsThe present meta-analysis suggests that injection technique education may result in a slight reduction in the TDD of insulin. However, the effect of education on HbA1c, hypoglycaemia and cured LH is uncertain. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: DOI: dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.btiinkce.
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