ArticleObesity research & clinical practice
Is overweight or obesity associated with anemia in children? Follow-up of Samoans in the Ola Tuputupua'e "Growing Up" study.
Article in Obesity research & clinical practice. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Burden of childhood obesity in Pacific Islands Countries and Territories.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2026Review
- Multilevel factors influencing child overweight and obesity in the Pacific Islands.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2026Review
- Nutrient Intake Evidence in the Pacific: A Scoping Review of Research Coverage, Challenges, and Opportunities.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Behavioral and sociodemographic correlates of sleep duration among children in Samoa.Sleep health · 2025Article
- Child, family and household characteristics associated with physical activity in Samoan children aged 3-8 years: A cross-sectional study.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Prevalence of malnutrition among Samoan children aged 5 to 11 years in 2019-2020.Annals of human biology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesGlobally, there is growing evidence of a double burden of malnutrition with obesity coexisting alongside micronutrient deficiencies across the life course. An emergent double burden poses a threat to health during childhood in Samoa: among 2-4-year-olds with overweight/obesity, 42.9% were anemic. Previous research suggests that obesity-related inflammation may increase the risk of iron deficiency or anemia in children. To test this hypothesis, we examined whether overweight/obesity at 2-4 is associated with anemia at 3.8-6 years old among Samoan children.
methodsData were obtained from the Ola Tuputupua'e "Growing Up" cohort study. Overweight/obesity at 2-4 years old was classified by body mass index-for-age Z-score > +2 SD. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin < 110 g/L for under 5-year-olds and < 115 g/L for 5-6-year-olds. Prevalence ratios (PRs) for anemia at 3.8-6 years old were estimated by fitting modified Poisson regression models.
resultsIn our sample of 197 children, 16.24% (n = 32) were affected by overweight/obesity at 2-4 years old and 26.90% (n = 53) had anemia at 3.8-6 years old. After covariate adjustment, the prevalence of anemia was 18% lower among children with overweight/obesity at 2-4 years old compared to those without (PR:0.82; 95% CI:0.42-1.63); however, the corresponding confidence interval was imprecise and inclusive of a higher prevalence.
conclusionsThere was not strong evidence to support a relationship between overweight/obesity and anemia in Samoan children, suggesting that obesity-related inflammation may not be related to iron deficiency nor anemia in this setting. Further investigation of the antecedents of overweight/obesity and anemia is critical to inform integrated action to improve health in Samoa.
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