ArticleEnvironmental microbiome2022
The microbiome and resistome of apple fruits alter in the post-harvest period.
Article in Environmental microbiome, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Time-series dynamics and biocontrol potential of postharvest bacteria in litchi microbiota.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Article
- Rhizosphere Functional Plasticity and the Keystone TaxonPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Phenotypic resistance profiles and resistome variations between endophytic and epiphytic bacteria in apple fruits.Environmental microbiome · 2026Article
- Argan fruit microbiomes: influence of biogeographic and soil driven environmental factors.BMC plant biology · 2026Article
- Linking the edible plant microbiome and human gut microbiome.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Comparative analysis of fruit microbiota and metabolites in two bayberry cultivars: implications for fruit quality and postharvest disease control.Food chemistry: X · 2025Article
- Bacterial-fungal crosstalk is defined by a fungal lactone mycotoxin and its degradation by a bacterial lactonase.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2024Article
- The edible plant microbiome: evidence for the occurrence of fruit and vegetable bacteria in the human gut.Gut microbes · 2023Article
- Microbiome Interconnectedness throughout Environments with Major Consequences for Healthy People and a Healthy Planet.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2023Review
- Tree Root-Associated Microbial Communities Depend on Various Floor Management Systems in an Intensive Apple (International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- [Health risks from crop irrigation with treated wastewater containing antibiotic residues, resistance genes, and resistant microorganisms].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2023Review
- Investigating the Biocontrol Potential of the Natural Microbiota of the Apple Blossom.Microorganisms · 2022Article
- Bitter friends are not always toxic: The loss of acetic acid bacteria and the absence ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
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Abstract
backgroundA detailed understanding of antimicrobial resistance trends among all human-related environments is key to combat global health threats. In food science, however, the resistome is still little considered. Here, we studied the apple microbiome and resistome from different cultivars (Royal Gala and Braeburn) and sources (freshly harvested in South Africa and exported apples in Austrian supermarkets) by metagenomic approaches, genome reconstruction and isolate sequencing.
resultsAll fruits harbor an indigenous, versatile resistome composed of 132 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) encoding for 19 different antibiotic classes. ARGs are partially of clinical relevance and plasmid-encoded; however, their abundance within the metagenomes is very low (≤ 0.03%). Post-harvest, after intercontinental transport, the apple microbiome and resistome was significantly changed independently of the cultivar. In comparison to fresh apples, the post-harvest microbiome is characterized by higher abundance of Enterobacteriales, and a more diversified pool of ARGs, especially associated with multidrug resistance, as well as quinolone, rifampicin, fosfomycin and aminoglycoside resistance. The association of ARGs with metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) suggests resistance interconnectivity within the microbiome. Bacterial isolates of the phyla Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria served as representatives actively possessing multidrug resistance and ARGs were confirmed by genome sequencing.
conclusionOur results revealed intrinsic and potentially acquired antimicrobial resistance in apples and strengthen the argument that all plant microbiomes harbor diverse resistance features. Although the apple resistome appears comparatively inconspicuous, we identified storage and transport as potential risk parameters to distribute AMR globally and highlight the need for surveillance of resistance emergence along complex food chains.
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