ArticlePloS one2022
Examining the psychometric properties of the Chinese Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-3: A bi-factor approach.
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Associations of autonomous motivation and physical activity with mobile phone addiction and bedtime procrastination: a cross-sectional study.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Physical activity and its associated factors in frail geriatric patients: a cross-sectional study utilizing the COM-B model.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Shame norms, achievement pressure, and controlled self-regulation: cultural pathways to psychological distress and performance outcomes in endurance athletes.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Associations of internal/institutional motivation with physical activity among Chinese college students: exercise self-efficacy as a mediator.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- The Relationship Between Personal Values and Leisure-Time Exercise: A Three-Wave Study.PsyCh journal · 2025Article
- The influence of exercise self-efficacy and gender on the relationship between exercise motivation and physical activity in college students.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-3) for Motivation Towards Incidental Physical Activity.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Brazilian Portuguese Version of the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire 3 (BREQ-3) Is Reliable and Valid for Assessing Motivational Regulations and Self-Determination in Exercise Among Adults Aged 50 Years or Older: A Methodological Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Article
- From need to action: decoding the role of motivation in adherence to home-based cardiac rehabilitation exercise in chronic heart failure patients.BMC nursing · 2024Article
- Validity, reliability, and invariance across sex of a German version of the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- A Self-Determination Theory and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy-based intervention aimed at increasing adherence to physical activity.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
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5 authors.
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Abstract
The Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ) was revised to its third iteration (BREQ-3) and has been widely used to measure different types of exercise motivation, including amotivation, external regulation, introjected regulation, identified regulation, integrated regulation, and intrinsic motivation. However, the Chinese version has not been similarly revised. The aim of this study was to develop and examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese BREQ-3 using alternative structural equation models. Specifically, this study aimed to translate the English BREQ-3 into Chinese to examine the best representation of the factor configuration of Chinese BREQ-3, measurement invariance for the best-fitted model, and the concurrent validity evidence and reliability for the Chinese BREQ-3. Undergraduate students (N = 825) from mainland China completed a battery of online questionnaires. After including two general motivation factors (controlled motivation and autonomous motivation), we discovered that the majority of items on the identified regulation, integrated regulation, and intrinsic motivation subscales no longer loaded on or had very low loadings on their specific factors, implying that these items essentially represent a unidimensional construct. Invariance testing supported the comparison between latent factor means across gender based on the bi-factor exploratory structural equation model (BESEM). Concurrent validity evidence was found for amotivation, controlled motivation, and autonomous motivation. The hierarchical omega, explained common variance (ECV), item explained common variance (I_ECV), and percentage of uncontaminated correlations (PUC) indicated that the external regulation and introjected regulation subscales had a multidimensional structure, while the identified regulation, integrated regulation, and intrinsic motivation subscales had a unidimensional structure (autonomous motivation). We advocate calculating amotivation, external regulation, introjected regulation, and a single autonomous motivation (excluding item 19) score when utilizing the Chinese BREQ-3.
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