Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35254874›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2022

Multiple lines of evidence of early goose domestication in a 7,000-y-old rice cultivation village in the lower Yangtze River, China.

Masaki Eda, Yu Itahashi, Hiroki Kikuchi, Guoping Sun, Kai-Hsuan Hsu, Takashi Gakuhari, Minoru Yoneda, Leping Jiang, Guomei Yang, Shinichi Nakamura

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Unveiling the Genomic Landscape of Yan Goose (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Welfare of ducks, geese and quail on farm.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2023
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Masaki EdaHokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-3674-6870
Yu ItahashiFaculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.ORCID 0000-0003-0293-7254
Hiroki KikuchiDepartment of Archaeology and Museology, Lanzhou University, Gansu 730020, China.ORCID 0000-0002-6980-3413
Guoping SunZhejiang Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Zhejiang 310012, China.
Kai-Hsuan HsuGraduate School of Humanities and Human Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-7443-1204
Takashi GakuhariCenter for the Study of Ancient Civilizations and Cultural Resources, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan.
Minoru YonedaThe University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.ORCID 0000-0003-0129-8921
Leping JiangZhejiang Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Zhejiang 310012, China.
Guomei YangXiao Shan Museum, Zhejiang 311201, China.
Shinichi NakamuraFaculty of Letters, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Poultry are farmed globally, with chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) being the leading domesticated species. Although domestic chicken bones have been reported from some Early Holocene sites, their origin is controversial and there is no reliable domestic chicken bone older than the Middle Holocene. Here, we studied goose bones from Tianluoshan—a 7,000-y-old rice cultivation village in the lower Yangtze River valley, China—using histological, geochemical, biochemical, and morphological approaches. Histological analysis revealed that one of the bones was derived from a locally bred chick, although no wild goose species breed in southern China. The analysis of oxygen-stable isotope composition supported this observation and further revealed that some of the mature bones were also derived from locally bred individuals. The nitrogen-stable isotope composition showed that locally bred mature birds fed on foods different from those eaten by migrant individuals. Morphological analysis revealed that the locally bred mature birds were homogenous in size, whereas radiocarbon dating clearly demonstrated that the samples from locally bred individuals were ∼7,000 y old. The histological, geochemical, biochemical, morphological, and contextual evidence suggest that geese at Tianluoshan village were at an early stage of domestication. The goose population appears to have been maintained for several generations without the introduction of individuals from other populations and may have been fed cultivated paddy rice. These findings indicate that goose domestication dates back 7,000 y, making geese the oldest domesticated poultry species in history.

Indexed as

GeeseOryzaAnimalsChinaCrops, AgriculturalDomesticationHumansRiversdomesticationMiddle Neolithicpoultry farmingstable isotope composition

Identifiers

PMID35254874
PMCPMC8944903

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.