ReviewInsights into imaging2022
Extrapulmonary tuberculosıs: an old but resurgent problem.
Review in Insights into imaging, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 91 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
91 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 147 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of menstrual blood and endometrial biopsy as specimens in the diagnosis of female genital tuberculosis: a systematic review.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Epidemiology of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, Alameda County, California, 2010-2021.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2026Article
- Upregulation of CREB1 by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Transcriptionally Activates TREM2 to Promote Macrophage M2 Polarization.Cell biochemistry and function · 2026Article
- Clinical spectrum of extrapulmonary tuberculosis at a tertiary care centre in Ghana: a retrospective study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Missed diagnosis of knee tuberculosis on X-ray: contributing factors and diagnostic value of CT and MRI.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2026Article
- Pulmonary versus extrapulmonary tuberculosis among diagnosed tuberculosis cases in Bangladesh: Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2026Review
- A Probable Case of Postpartum Sacroiliac Joint Tuberculosis: The Diagnostic Value of Imaging in a High-Endemic Setting.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- Clinico-microbiological study of extrapulmonary tuberculosis from a teaching institute in North India.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2026Article
- CD8Nature communications · 2026Article
- The many faces of extrapulmonary tuberculosis: A case series.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2026Article
- D-Dimer: A Mediator of the Association Between Lymphocyte and Dissemination of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study.The clinical respiratory journal · 2026Article
- Sex as a Biological Variable in Tuberculosis Pathogenesis.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Diagnostic Imaging of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis Across Organ Systems.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Improved detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in lymph node aspirates through GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay in Bangladesh.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Antimycobacterial Mechanisms and Anti-Virulence Activities of Polyphenolic-Rich South African Medicinal Plants AgainstMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis involving breast and adnexa uteri: a case report and literature review.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Review
- Host- and pathogen-related determinants of pulmonaryEuropean respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Review
- Lymphocyte-Predominant Ascites as a Clue to Peritoneal Tuberculosis: Two Case Reports and a Literature Review.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- The application of grayscale quantitative analysis in the differential diagnosis of necrosis between cervical lymph node metastases in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and tuberculous lymphadenitis.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) primarily affects the lungs, but some of its most devastating clinical consequences arise because of its ability to spread from the lungs to other organs. Extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) constitutes 15-20% of all TB cases. Imaging findings are not always specific and can mimic many diseases; therefore, EPTB should be considered in the differential diagnosis, particularly in patients with immune system disorders (AIDS, patients receiving chemotherapy, etc.) and those in other high-risk groups including people with diabetes. The bacterium's passage to the regional lymph nodes is essential for developing a protective T-cell-mediated immune response, but the bacterium can spread hematologically and via the lymphatic system, leading to extrapulmonary involvement. Diagnosis of EPTB in high-risk patients is made based on suspected clinical and radiological findings, but further positive culture and histopathological confirmation may be required in some instances. Radiological evaluations are critical for diagnosis and crucial in planning the treatment and follow-up. This paper aims to review the typical and atypical imaging features and the differential diagnosis of EPTB.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.