Trial reportJournal of the American Heart Association2022
Effects of Magnesium Citrate, Magnesium Oxide, and Magnesium Sulfate Supplementation on Arterial Stiffness: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Intervention Trial.
Trial report in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03632590 (The Effects of Magnesium Salts on Vascular Stiffness), which is not on this map. Cited by 16 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effects of Magnesium Salts on Vascular Stiffness: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Healthy Overweight and Slightly Obese Men and Women
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comprehensive Effects of Magnesium Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Magnesium Supplementation and Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The effect of magnesium sulfate on gene expression and serum level of inflammatory cytokines in coronary artery disease patients.Inflammopharmacology · 2023Trial
- Dietary Mineral Intake and Vascular Health in Patients with Long COVID-19: The BioICOPER Study.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Serum Magnesium and Ventricular Repolarization Heterogeneity: A Case-Control Study Based on Electrocardiographic Parameters.Biological trace element research · 2026Observational
- Review
- The Role of Iron and Other Micronutrients in Arterial Stiffness: Univariable and Multivariable Mendelian Randomization.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- The Association between Food Groups, Nutraceuticals, and Food Supplements Consumption on Vascular Health Outcomes: A Literature Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Associated with Magnesium and Vitamin D Nutrients during Pregnancy-A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Association between Serum Magnesium Levels and Risk of Dyslipidemia: A Cross-Sectional Study from the China Health and Nutrition Survey.Biological trace element research · 2024Article
- Can we reverse arterial stiffness by intervening on CKD-MBD biomarkers?Clinical kidney journal · 2023Review
- Perspective: Call for Re-evaluation of the Tolerable Upper Intake Level for Magnesium Supplementation in Adults.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Review
- Magnesium Deficiency and Cardiometabolic Disease.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Magnesium Administration in Chronic Kidney Disease.Nutrients · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background Magnesium supplements may have beneficial effects on arterial stiffness. Yet, to our knowledge, no head-to-head comparison between various magnesium formulations in terms of effects on arterial stiffness has been performed. We assessed the effects of magnesium citrate supplementation on arterial stiffness and blood pressure and explored whether other formulations of magnesium have similar effects. Methods and Results In this randomized trial, subjects who were overweight and slightly obese received either magnesium citrate, magnesium oxide, magnesium sulfate, or placebo for 24 weeks. The total daily dose of magnesium was 450 mg/d. The primary outcome was carotid-to-femoral pulse wave velocity, which is the gold standard method for measuring arterial stiffness. Secondary outcomes included blood pressure and plasma and urine magnesium. Overall, 164 participants (mean±SD age, 63.2±6.8 years; 104 [63.4%] women) were included. In the intention-to-treat analysis, neither magnesium citrate nor the other formulations had an effect on carotid-to-femoral pulse wave velocity or blood pressure at 24 weeks compared with placebo. Magnesium citrate increased plasma (+0.04 mmol/L; 95% CI, +0.02 to +0.06 mmol/L) and urine magnesium (+3.12 mmol/24 h; 95% CI, +2.23 to +4.01 mmol/24 h) compared with placebo. Effects on plasma magnesium were similar among the magnesium supplementation groups, but magnesium citrate led to a more pronounced increase in 24-hour urinary magnesium excretion than magnesium oxide or magnesium sulfate. One serious adverse event was reported, which was considered unrelated to the study treatment. Conclusions Oral magnesium citrate supplementation for 24 weeks did not significantly change arterial stiffness or blood pressure. Magnesium oxide and magnesium sulfate had similar nonsignificant effects. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03632590.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.