ArticleBiological psychiatry global open science2022
Cytokine and Reward Circuitry Relationships in Treatment-Resistant Depression.
Article in Biological psychiatry global open science, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Sustained effects of repeated levodopa (L-DOPA) administration on reward circuitry, effort-based motivation, and anhedonia in depressed patients with higher inflammation.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Trial
- Functional connectivity in reward circuitry and symptoms of anhedonia as therapeutic targets in depression with high inflammation: evidence from a dopamine challenge study.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Trial
- Parsing Socioeconomic Effects on Treatment Trajectory and Reward Processing in Depression.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- Inside out: TNFa-RII and sexualized drug use in acute HIV predicts persistent depressive symptoms despite antiretroviral therapy.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Mechanisms Underlying Treatment-Resistant Depression: Exploring Sex-Based Biological Differences.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Review
- Systemic inflammation as a mediator in the link between obesity and depression: Evidence from a nationwide cohort study.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Neurotransmitter and metabolic effects of interferon-alpha in association with decreased striatal dopamine in a non-human primate model of cytokine-Induced depression.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Article
- Lipids and C-reactive protein predict anhedonia and reward circuit functional connectivity responses to anti-cytokine and dopaminergic therapies in patients with depression.Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology · 2025Article
- Major Depressive Disorder in Long COVID and Exposure to Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines During Infection by SARS-CoV-2.Psychiatric research and clinical practice · 2025Article
- Splitting the reward: Differences in inflammatory marker associations with neural connectivity between reward anticipation and reward outcome in adolescents at high risk for depression.Journal of affective disorders · 2023Article
- Inflammation-Related Functional and Structural Dysconnectivity as a Pathway to Psychopathology.Biological psychiatry · 2023Review
- Application of Intranasal Administration in the Delivery of Antidepressant Active Ingredients.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Cellular and immunometabolic mechanisms of inflammation in depression: Preliminary findings from single cell RNA sequencing and a tribute to Bruce McEwen.Neurobiology of stress · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDepressive disorders are linked to dysfunction in reward-related behaviors and corticostriatal reward circuitry. Low-grade dysregulation of the immune system, e.g., elevations in plasma interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α, have been thought to affect corticostriatal reward circuitry. Little is presently known about the degree to which these relationships generalize to patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and/or childhood trauma history.
methodsResting-state functional connectivity between the ventral striatum (VS) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) regions and plasma inflammatory marker levels (IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α) were measured in 74 adults with TRD. Regression analyses examined associations of inflammatory markers with VS-vmPFC connectivity and the moderating effects of self-reported childhood trauma on these associations, with exploratory analyses examining trauma subtypes.
resultsIL-6 was negatively associated with VS-vmPFC connectivity (specifically for the left VS). Childhood trauma moderated the relationships between tumor necrosis factor α and VS-vmPFC connectivity (specifically for the right VS) such that greater childhood trauma severity (particularly emotional neglect) was associated with stronger cytokine-connectivity associations.
conclusionsThis study independently extends previously reported associations between IL-6 and reductions in corticostriatal connectivity to a high-priority clinical population of treatment-seeking patients with TRD and further suggests that childhood trauma moderates specific associations between cytokines and corticostriatal connectivity. These findings suggest that associations between elevated plasma cytokine levels and reduced corticostriatal connectivity are a potential pathophysiological mechanism generalizable to patients with TRD and that such associations may be affected by trauma severity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.