ArticleSSM. Mental health2021
Internalized stigma, depressive symptoms, and the modifying role of antiretroviral therapy: A cohort study in rural Uganda.
Article in SSM. Mental health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Health-Related Quality of Life Reported by Patients With Chagas Disease: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Evidence With GRADE Recommendations.Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · 2022Pooled it
- An agricultural livelihood intervention is associated with reduced HIV stigma among people with HIV.AIDS (London, England) · 2024Trial
- Factors Associated with High Internalized Stigma Among People Living with HIV in Selected Provinces in Vietnam.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Long-term trends in HIV-related stigma among older adults with and without HIV: a cohort study from Mbarara, Uganda.The Gerontologist · 2026Article
- Declining but increasingly concentrated HIV stigma in rural Uganda: population-based cohort study, 2014-2024.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Factor Structure, Reliability, and Validity of the 10-Item HIV Stigma Scale for Adolescents and Youth Living with HIV in Rural, Southwestern Uganda.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Does perceived caregiver HIV stigma and depression increase adolescent neuro-behavioral difficulties? A mediation analysis in the Asenze Cohort.Research square · 2024Article
- The prevalence and determinants of social anxiety disorder among people living with HIV/AIDS in Southwestern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Longitudinal trajectories of depressive symptoms among alcohol consuming men with HIV in India.Journal of affective disorders · 2024Article
- Priorities for health and wellbeing for older people with and without HIV in Uganda: a qualitative methods study.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2022Article
- Association between Internalized Stigma and Depression among People Living with HIV in Thailand.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Depression affects over 40% of people with HIV (PHIV) in low- and middle-income countries, and over half of PHIV report HIV-related internalized stigma. However, few longitudinal studies of PHIV have examined the relationship between HIV-related stigma and depression. Data were analyzed from the 2007-15 Uganda AIDS Rural Treatment Outcomes (UARTO) Study, a cohort of 454 antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve PHIV (68% women) starting ART. Our primary outcome was depression symptom severity over the first two years of ART, measured using a locally adapted version of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist; our primary exposure was the 6-item Internalized AIDS-Related Stigma Scale. Both scores were measured at enrollment and at quarterly follow-up visits. We fit linear generalized estimating equations (GEE) regression models to estimate the association between stigma and depression symptom severity, adjusting for potential confounders. We included a stigma×time product term to assess the modifying effect of ART on the association between internalized stigma and depression symptom severity. UARTO participants had a median age of 32 years and median enrollment CD4 count of 217 cells/mm
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