ArticleFrontiers in immunology2022
Increased Expression of Tim-3 Is Associated With Depletion of NKT Cells In SARS-CoV-2 Infection.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- TIM-3, a potential target for sepsis therapy.Chinese journal of traumatology = Zhonghua chuang shang za zhi · 2026Review
- TIM-3+ Macrophages: Insights into Their Role in Cancer and Inflammation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Identification of Shared Gene Signatures Associated with Alzheimer's Disease and COVID-19 through Bioinformatics Analysis.Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening · 2026Article
- Immune cell interactions and lung damage in SARS-CoV-2 special attention on monocytes/macrophages, T and B lymphocytes, dendritic cells and Toll-like receptors in SARS-CoV-2.American journal of clinical and experimental immunology · 2026Review
- GM-CSF ameliorates inflammation from Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a juvenile mouse model of burn injury.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2025Article
- Multi‑omics reveal neutrophil heterogeneity in sepsis (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Review
- NKT cells-a generalist in disease treatment and a new key to unlock immunotherapy.Immunotherapy · 2025Review
- Can invariant Natural Killer T cells drive B cell fate? a look at the humoral response.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Deciphering long-term immune effects of HIV-1/SARS-CoV-2 co-infection: a longitudinal study.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2024Article
- Tim-3 pathway dysregulation and targeting in sepsis-induced immunosuppression.European journal of medical research · 2024Review
- TIM3 in COVID-19; A potential hallmark?Heliyon · 2024Review
- Soluble CD26: From Suggested Biomarker for Cancer Diagnosis to Plausible Marker for Dynamic Monitoring of Immunotherapy.Cancers · 2024Review
- CAR-NKT Cells in Asthma: Use of NKT as a Promising Cell for CAR Therapy.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2024Review
- Excess of body weight is associated with accelerated T-cell senescence in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2024Article
- The surveillance of viral infections by the unconventional Type I NKT cell.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Impaired Efferocytosis Enables Apoptotic Osteoblasts to Escape Osteoimmune Surveillance During Aging.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- Immune inhibitory receptor-mediated immune response, metabolic adaptation, and clinical characterization in patients with COVID-19.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Role of Tim-3 in COVID-19: a potential biomarker and therapeutic target.Archives of virology · 2023Review
- Immune checkpoint alterations and their blockade in COVID-19 patients.Blood science (Baltimore, Md.) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), natural killer T (NKT) cells act as primary initiators of immune responses. However, a decrease of circulating NKT cells has been observed in COVID-19 different stages, of which the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. Here, by performing single-cell RNA sequencing analysis in three large cohorts of COVID-19 patients, we found that increased expression of Tim-3 promotes depletion of NKT cells during the progression stage of COVID-19, which is associated with disease severity and outcome of patients with COVID-19. Tim-3+ NKT cells also expressed high levels of CD147 and CD26, which are potential SARS-CoV-2 spike binding receptors. In the study, Tim-3+ NKT cells showed high enrichment of apoptosis, higher expression levels of mitochondrial genes and caspase genes, with a larger pseudo time value. In addition, Tim-3+ NKT cells in COVID-19 presented a stronger capacity to secrete IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 compared with healthy individuals, they also demonstrated high expression of co-inhibitory receptors such as PD-1, CTLA-4, and LAG-3. Moreover, we found that IL-12 secreted by dendritic cells (DCs) was positively correlated with up-regulated expression of Tim-3 in NKT cells in COVID-19 patients. Overall, this study describes a novel mechanism by which up-regulated Tim-3 expression induced the depletion and dysfunction of NKT cells in COVID-19 patients. These findings not only have possible implications for the prediction of severity and prognosis in COVID-19 but also provide a link between NKT cells and future new therapeutic strategies in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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