ReviewFrontiers in molecular neuroscience2022
The Sexual Dimorphic Synapse: From Spine Density to Molecular Composition.
Review in Frontiers in molecular neuroscience, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Perinatal Exposure to the Neonicotinoid Thiacloprid Impacts Transcription of Neuroplasticity and Neuroendocrine Markers in Mice but Not in the Zebrafish Model.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2026Article
- Article
- A hyper-activatable CAMK2A variant associated with intellectual disability causes exaggerated long-term potentiation and learning impairments.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Female mice exhibit resistance to disease progression despite early pathology in a transgenic mouse model inoculated with alpha-synuclein fibrils.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Mutation in the mitochondrial chaperone TRAP1 leads to autism with more severe symptoms in males.EMBO molecular medicine · 2024Article
- Physiological acetic acid concentrations from ethanol metabolism stimulate accumbens shell medium spiny neurons via NMDAR activation in a sex-dependent manner.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Age and sex effects on paired-pulse suppression and prepulse inhibition of auditory evoked potentials.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Article
- A higher dysregulation burden of brain DNA methylation in female patients implicated in the sex bias of Schizophrenia.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Article
- The synaptic basis for sexual dimorphism in the invertebrate nervous system.Current opinion in neurobiology · 2023Review
- A Higher Dysregulation Burden of Brain DNA Methylation in Female Patients Implicated in the Sex Bias of Schizophrenia.Research square · 2023Article
- The effects of GPER on age-associated memory impairment induced by decreased estrogen levels.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2023Review
- Sex differences in gene regulatory networks during mid-gestational brain development.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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Abstract
A synaptic sexual dimorphism is relevant in the context of multiple neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Many of these disorders show a different prevalence and progression in woman and man. A similar variance is also present in corresponding animal models. To understand and characterize this dimorphism in pathologies it is important to first understand sex differences in unaffected individuals. Therefore, sexual differences have been studied since 1788, first focusing on brain weight, size, and volume. But as these measures are not directly related to brain function, the investigation of sexual dimorphism also expanded to other organizational levels of the brain. This review is focused on sexual dimorphism at the synaptic level, as these specialized structures are the smallest functional units of the brain, determining cell communication, connectivity, and plasticity. Multiple differences between males and females can be found on the levels of spine density, synaptic morphology, and molecular synapse composition. These differences support the importance of sex-disaggregated data. The specificity of changes to a particular brain region or circuit might support the idea of a mosaic brain, in which each tile individually lies on a continuum from masculinization to feminization. Moreover, synapses can be seen as the smallest tiles of the mosaic determining the classification of larger areas.
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