ArticleInfection and drug resistance2022
Measles Outbreak Investigation in Guradamole District of Bale Zone, South Eastern Ethiopia, 2021.
Article in Infection and drug resistance, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- The quality of measles outbreak investigation report, how can it bridge the gap and help to fulfill the goal of measles elimination?BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Epidemiology of measles outbreaks, incidence and associated risk factors in Ethiopia from 2000 to 2023: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Measles Vaccine Coverage and Disease Outbreaks: A Systematic Review of the Early Impact of COVID-19 in Low and Lower-Middle Income Countries.International journal of public health · 2024Pooled it
- Attack rate, case fatality rate and determinants of measles infection during a measles outbreak in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Pooled it
- Estimating national-level measles case-fatality ratios in low-income and middle-income countries: an updated systematic review and modelling study.The Lancet. Global health · 2023Pooled it
- Epidemiological Measles Outbreaks Investigation in Nogob Zone, Somali Region, Eastern Ethiopia: Trends and Insights from 2019 To 2024.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2026Article
- Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Hospitalized Pediatric Measles Cases; The 2023 Outbreak in Northern Jordan.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Epidemiological investigation of measles outbreak in a refugee settlement in Lamwo District, Uganda.The Pan African medical journal · 2025Article
- Trend and forecast of measles disease, in East Gojjam Zone, Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia, 2023: a crossectional study.BMC research notes · 2024Article
- Descriptive Analysis of Measles Outbreak in Liberia, 2022.IJID regions · 2024Article
- Measles outbreak investigation in Tocha district, southwestern Ethiopia: an unmatched case-control study.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Measles outbreak in sub-Saharan Africa amidst COVID-19: A rising concern, efforts, challenges, and future recommendations.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMeasles is a highly contagious viral illness and globally, 142,300 people died from measles in 2018. On 25 March 2021, an outbreak of measles was reported from Guradamole district Bale Zone Southeast Ethiopia. Hence, we investigated to determine existence of the outbreak and to identify the associated factors.
methodDescriptive and 1:2 unmatched case-control study was done in Guradamole district from March 25 to April 9/2021. For the descriptive study, a total of 98 cases were used. To identify the factor associated with the outbreak, 60 cases were selected by computer-generated simple random method by using line list as a sampling frame and 120 controls were studied. Active cases were identified through home-to-home searching in affected kebeles and controls were selected from neighbors of cases. Five serum samples were taken and an IgM test was done to confirm cases. Cases were any person who developed fever, maculopapular rash and cough, coryza or conjunctivitis while controls were without such diagnosis. We collected data by using a structured questionnaire, cases were described by time, place, and person; logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with measles. In the multivariable analysis
resultsOverall, 98 cases were identified with an overall attack rate of 12/1000 population and a case fatality rate (CFR) of 7%. The highest attack rate (38/1000 population) and CFR (57%) were among children aged <59 months. Vaccination efficacy was calculated to be 82.6%. Being unvaccinated (adjusted odds ratio/AOR=5.66, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.24-25.81), contact with patient (AOR=3.24, 95%CI: 1.03-10.17), moderate malnutrition (AOR=4.34, 95%CI: 2.14-8.814), distance from health facility (AOR=4.58, 95%CI: 1.39-15.19) and history of travel to affected area (AOR=3.99, 95%CI: 1.31-12.19) were shown significant associated with measles infection.
conclusionThe attack and fatality rate of the investigation were high. Being unvaccinated, distant from the health facility, malnutrition, and history of contact with measles case were associated with the outbreak. We recommend conducting vaccination campaigns, interventions to malnutrition, and strengthening routine immunization programs to reduce future measles outbreaks.
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