Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35248171›Full record

Observational studyThe lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology2022

Body-mass index and risk of obesity-related complex multimorbidity: an observational multicohort study.

Mika Kivimäki, Timo Strandberg, Jaana Pentti, Solja T Nyberg, Philipp Frank, Markus Jokela, Jenni Ervasti, Sakari B Suominen, Jussi Vahtera, Pyry N Sipilä and 2 more

2 registry-linked trialsAbstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 350 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
350citing papers in PubMed, 11 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06031545 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

An Exploratory Study of Perioperative Venous Access in Obese Patients

TypeinterventionalSponsorSir Run Run Shaw HospitalRan2023 to 2025Enrolled528ConditionsCatheter ComplicationsArmsLong peripheral venous catheters for use, Midline catheter
NCT07690176 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

The Metabolic Effects of a Hyperglycaemic Meal in Lean and Obese Individuals Using a [14C]-Glucose Microtracer Approach

TypeinterventionalSponsorWageningen UniversityRan2026 to 2026Enrolled24ConditionsObesity & OverweightArmsLow-glycemic breakfast (randomized vs high glycemic), High-glycaemic breakfast (randomized vs low glycemic), High-glycaemic breakfast
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

350 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Robotic vs. laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery in high BMI patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026
    Pooled it
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  3. The Role of Fat-Free Mass in Weight-Related Complications: A Rapid Review and Meta-Analysis.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026
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  8. Polygenic Risk and Nutrient Intake Interactions on Obesity Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025
    Pooled it
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  18. DEFINE: A Prospective, Randomized, Phase 4 Trial to Assess a Protease Inhibitor-Based Regimen Switch Strategy to Manage Integrase Inhibitor-Related Weight Gain.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025
    Trial
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290 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Mika KivimäkiDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK; Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: m.kivimaki@ucl.ac.uk.
Timo StrandbergDepartment of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Jaana PenttiClinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Solja T NybergClinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Philipp FrankDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.
Markus JokelaDepartment of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Jenni ErvastiFinnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.
Sakari B SuominenDepartment of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; School of Health Science, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden.
Jussi VahteraDepartment of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
Pyry N SipiläClinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Joni V LindbohmDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK; Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Jane E FerrieDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK; Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.

Funding

Education, socioeconomic status and Aging: transitions from multimorbidity to functional limitations and mortalityR01AG056477 · NIA · UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON · PI KIVIMAKI, MIKA J, SINGH-MANOUX, ARCHANA · 2018 to 2022
$2.8M
Medical Research Council MC_PC_17228Medical Research Council MC_QA137853Medical Research Council MR/K013351/1Medical Research Council MR/R024227/1Medical Research Council MR/S011676/1NIA NIH HHS R01 AG056477Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust 221854/Z/20/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe accumulation of disparate diseases in complex multimorbidity makes prevention difficult if each disease is targeted separately. We aimed to examine obesity as a shared risk factor for common diseases, determine associations between obesity-related diseases, and examine the role of obesity in the development of complex multimorbidity (four or more comorbid diseases).

methodsWe did an observational study and used pooled prospective data from two Finnish cohort studies (the Health and Social Support Study and the Finnish Public Sector Study) comprising 114 657 adults aged 16-78 years at study entry (1998-2013). A cohort of 499 357 adults (aged 38-73 years at study entry; 2006-10) from the UK Biobank provided replication in an independent population. BMI and clinical characteristics were assessed at baseline. BMIs were categorised as obesity (≥30·0 kg/m

findingsMean follow-up duration was 12·1 years (SD 3·8) in the Finnish cohorts and 11·8 years (1·7) in the UK Biobank cohort. Obesity was associated with 21 non-overlapping cardiometabolic, digestive, respiratory, neurological, musculoskeletal, and infectious diseases after Bonferroni multiple testing adjustment and ignoring HRs of less than 1·50. Compared with healthy weight, the confounder-adjusted HR for obesity was 2·83 (95% CI 2·74-2·93; PAF 19·9% [95% CI 19·3-20·5]) for developing at least one obesity-related disease, 5·17 (4·84-5·53; 34·4% [33·2-35·5]) for two diseases, and 12·39 (9·26-16·58; 55·2% [50·9-57·5]) for complex multimorbidity. The proportion of participants of healthy weight with complex multimorbidity by age 75 years was observed by age 55 years in participants with obesity, and degree of obesity was associated with complex multimorbidity in a dose-response relationship. Compared with obesity, the association between overweight and complex multimorbidity was more modest (HR 2·67, 95% CI 1·94-3·68; PAF 13·3% [95% CI 9·6-16·3]). The same pattern of results was observed in the UK Biobank cohort.

interpretationObesity is associated with diverse, increasing disease burdens, and might represent an important target for multimorbidity prevention that avoids the complexities of multitarget preventive regimens.

fundingWellcome Trust, Medical Research Council, National Institute on Aging.

Indexed as

MultimorbidityObesityAdolescentAdultAgedBody Mass IndexHumansMiddle AgedOverweightProspective StudiesRisk FactorsYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID35248171
PMCPMC8938400

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.