ArticleImmunity & ageing : I & A2022
Association between inflammatory cytokines and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.
Article in Immunity & ageing : I & A, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 S IgG Antibodies in Children Post-COVID-19 and the Association of Antibody Levels with Vaccination Status.Current microbiology · 2025Article
- Integrated analysis of COVID-19 multi-omics data for eQTLs reveals genetic mechanisms underlying disease severity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Weathering the Storm: How Age and Biologics Influence the COVID-19 Cytokine Surge.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- HCoVDB: a comprehensive database encompassing viral genomes, drug targets, and therapeutics of human coronaviruses.Database : the journal of biological databases and curation · 2025Article
- COVID-19 inflammatory signature in a Mozambican cohort: unchanged red blood series and reduced levels of IL-6 and other proinflammatory cytokines.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Early Elevated Inflammatory Markers in SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinated Patients Are Associated with Reduced Mortality, Morbidity, and Lung Injury.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Melatonin: a ferroptosis inhibitor with potential therapeutic efficacy for the post-COVID-19 trajectory of accelerated brain aging and neurodegeneration.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2024Review
- SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induces endothelial dysfunction in 3D engineered vascular networks.Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A · 2024Article
- Control of complement-induced inflammatory responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection by anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.The EMBO journal · 2024Article
- Article
- Epidemiological and clinical features of COVID-19 inpatients in Changsha, China: A retrospective study from 2020 to 2022.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Hematological, inflammatory, and novel biomarkers assessment as an eminent strategy for clinical management of COVID-19.Heliyon · 2023Article
- The interplay between previous infection and mental health condition on antibody response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccination.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2023Article
- Review
- T Cell Response to SARS-CoV-2 Coinfection and Comorbidities.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Analysis of Proinflammatory Cytokines in COVID-19 Patients in Baghdad, Iraq.Archives of Razi Institute · 2023Article
- Longitudinal anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody immune response in acute and convalescent patients.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Immune repertoire sequencing reveals an abnormal adaptive immune system in COVID-19 survivors.Journal of medical virology · 2023Article
- Immune profiles to distinguish hospitalized versus ambulatory COVID-19 cases in older patients.iScience · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCOVID-19 patients may experience "cytokine storm" when human immune system produces excessive cytokines/chemokines. However, it remains unclear whether early responses of inflammatory cytokines would lead to high or low titers of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.
methodsThis retrospective study enrolled a cohort of 272 hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2. Laboratory assessments of serum cytokines (IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α), anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM antibodies, and peripheral blood biomarkers were conducted during hospitalization.
resultsAt hospital admission, 36.4% patients were severely ill, 51.5% patients were ≥ 65 years, and 60.3% patients had comorbidities. Higher levels of IL-2R and IL-6 were observed in older patients (≥65 years). Significant differences of IL-2R (week 2 to week ≥5 from symptom onset), IL-6 (week 1 to week ≥5), IL-8 (week 2 to week ≥5), and IL-10 (week 1 to week 3) were observed between moderately-ill and severely ill patients. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers were significantly higher in severely ill patients than in moderately ill patients, but such difference was not observed for IgM. High titers of early-stage IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α (≤2 weeks after symptom onset) were positively correlated with high titers of late-stage IgG (≥5 weeks after symptom onset). Deaths were mostly observed in severely ill older patients (45.9%). Survival analyses revealed risk factors of patient age, baseline COVID-19 severity, and baseline IL-6 that affected survival time, especially in severely ill older patients.
conclusionEarly responses of elevated cytokines such as IL-6 reflect the active immune responses, leading to high titers of IgG antibodies against COVID-19.
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Registered trials
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