ArticleBody image2022
Measurement invariance of body image measures by age, gender, sexual orientation, race, weight status, and age: The U.S. Body Project I.
Article in Body image, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Body image and mental health in university students: a scoping review of global evidence and research gaps.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Pooled it
- The 69-Item Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ): Psychometric Validation and Gender Invariance of the Greek Version.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Social cure model: testing the link between identity centrality and body appreciation in diverse sexual orientation and gender identity groups.International journal for equity in health · 2024Article
- Measurement Invariance across Sexual Orientation for Measures of Sexual Attitudes.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Racial identity differences in pathways from sociocultural and objectification constructs to body satisfaction: The U.S. Body Project I.Body image · 2022Article
- Pathways from sociocultural and objectification constructs to body satisfaction among women: The U.S. Body Project I.Body image · 2022Article
- Sexual orientation differences in pathways from sociocultural and objectification constructs to body satisfaction: The U.S. Body Project I.Body image · 2022Article
- Article
- Demographic and sociocultural predictors of sexuality-related body image and sexual frequency: The U.S. Body Project I.Body image · 2022Article
- Pathways from sociocultural and objectification constructs to body satisfaction among men: The U.S. Body Project I.Body image · 2022Article
- Demographic predictors of objectification theory and tripartite influence model constructs: The U.S. Body Project I.Body image · 2022Article
- An abbreviated 10-item, two-factor version of the Body Image Quality of Life Inventory (BIQLI-10): The U.S. Body Project I.Body image · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Despite growing interest in comparing body image experiences across diverse groups, limited work has examined whether body image measures operate similarly across different populations, raising important questions about the appropriateness of comparing scale means across demographic groups. This study employed measurement invariance testing to evaluate whether such comparisons are appropriate with existing body image measures. Specifically, multi-group confirmatory factor analysis was conducted using a community sample of 11,620 men and women to test increasing levels of invariance (configural, metric, scalar) across five key demographic variables (age group, gender, sexual orientation, race, weight status) for five commonly used body image measures (the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-4, the Body Surveillance subscale of the Objectified Body Consciousness Scale, the Appearance Evaluation and Overweight Preoccupation subscales of the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire, and the Body Image Quality of Life Inventory). Results provided evidence of scalar (i.e., strong) invariance for all five measures across age, gender, sexual orientation, race, and weight status groups, indicating that the latent factors captured by these measures have the same meaning across demographic groups. Findings therefore support the comparison of scale/subscale means across multiple demographic groups for these body image measures.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.