ArticleThe Lancet. Public health2022
Carceral epidemiology: mass incarceration and structural racism during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Article in The Lancet. Public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of drug legislation on crime reduction: a systematic literature review.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Beyond Prison Walls: A Scoping Review of Incarceration's Public Health Impacts in Latin America.Wellcome open research · 2026Pooled it
- The Impacts of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on Incarceration Dynamics and Racial Disparities in North Carolina Jails.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Article
- Structures of survival: Syndemic pathways to care among people with HIV involved with the criminal legal system.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2026Article
- Penicillin Allergy Labels and High-risk Antibiotic Prescribing Among Incarcerated Individuals Receiving Antibiotics Across Four US Carceral Systems.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Using implementation science to enhance specialized mental health supervision: pre-implementation assessment and rapid qualitative methods.BMC global and public health · 2025Article
- The role of epidemiologists in addressing the public health consequences of the United States criminal legal system.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- COVID-19 impacts on decarceration for Indigenous, Black, and other racialized people in Ontario, Canada: an interrupted time series study.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- Inequities in the Application of Behavioral Flags for Hospitalized Pediatric Patients.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Medical associations' guidance on caring for patients experiencing incarceration in the United States.PloS one · 2025Article
- A Qualitative Review of Organizational COVID-19 Communications and Guidance for Pregnant and Postpartum People Who Are Incarcerated.Health equity · 2025Article
- Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the experiences of incarcerated pregnant people.Health & justice · 2024Article
- COVID-19 Related Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors Among Black Men with Chronic Health Conditions: A Latent Profile Analysis.Social work in public health · 2024Article
- Implementation of Rapid COVID-19 Testing in Criminal Justice Residential Reentry Sites.Journal of correctional health care : the official journal of the National Commission on Correctional Health Care · 2024Article
- Mass Incarceration, Maternal Vulnerability, and Birth Outcomes Across U.S. Counties.Maternal and child health journal · 2024Article
- Area-Level Social Vulnerability and Severe COVID-19: A Case-Control Study Using Electronic Health Records from Multiple Health Systems in the Southeastern Pennsylvania Region.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2024Article
- Rapid jail-based implementation of overdose education and naloxone distribution in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.Health & justice · 2024Article
- "We're Not Patients. We're Inmates": Older Black Women's Experience of Aging, Health, and Illness During and After Incarceration.The Gerontologist · 2024Article
- Medicaid Inmate Exclusion Policy and Infectious Diseases Care for Justice-Involved Populations.Emerging infectious diseases · 2024Review
- The application of implementation science methods in correctional health intervention research: a systematic review.Implementation science communications · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and the ongoing epidemic of mass incarceration are closely intertwined, as COVID-19 entered US prisons and jails at astounding rates. Although observers warned of the swiftness with which COVID-19 could devastate people who are held and work in prisons and jails, their warnings were not heeded quickly enough. Incarcerated populations were deprioritised, and COVID-19 infected and killed those in jails and prisons at rates that outpaced the rates among the general population. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted what has been long-known: mass incarceration is a key component of structural racism that creates and exacerbates health inequities. It is imperative that the public health, particularly epidemiology, public policy, advocacy, and medical communities, are catalysed by the COVID-19 pandemic to drastically rethink the USA's criminal legal system and the public health emergency that it has created and to push for progressive reform.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.