ArticleJournal of paediatrics and child health2022
Rapid onset functional tic-like behaviours in children and adolescents during COVID-19: Clinical features, assessment and biopsychosocial treatment approach.
Article in Journal of paediatrics and child health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Autism in children and young people with functional tic-like behaviours: a retrospective cross-sectional study.Archives of disease in childhood · 2026Article
- Differentiating tics and functional tic-like behaviours in children and young people: personal and family mental health profiles and their clinical implications.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Update on the Pathophysiology and Management of Tics.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2026Review
- Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients with Mass Social Media-Induced Illness Presenting with Functional Tic-like Behaviors.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2026Article
- Recent Advances in Treating Psychiatric Disorders in Children and Adolescents: From Theory to Practice.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- A Critical Examination of the Clinical Diagnosis of Functional Tic-like Behaviors.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2024Review
- Psychological Factors Associated with Functional Tic-like Behaviours during the COVID-19 Pandemic.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2024Article
- Testing the specificity of phenomenological criteria for functional tic-like behaviours in youth with Tourette syndrome.European journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Functional Tic-like Behaviors: From the COVID-19 Pandemic to the Post-Pandemic Era.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- What are the Key Phenomenological Clues to Diagnose Functional Tic-Like Behaviors in the Pandemic Era?Movement disorders clinical practice · 2024Article
- Functional Tic-Like Behaviors: A Common Comorbidity in Patients with Tourette Syndrome.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2024Article
- What distinguishes patients with mass social media-induced illness presenting with Tourette-like behavior from those with Tourette syndrome? Results of a prospective cohort study.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2024Article
- An investigation into mothers' experiences of their children's functional tic-like behaviour and tic attacks.PloS one · 2024Article
- Prospective follow-up study of youth and adults with onset of functional tic-like behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic.European journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Comorbidity of physical illnesses and mental disorders in outpatients with tic disorders: a retrospective study using the outpatient case system.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Illness-Promoting Psychological Processes in Children and Adolescents with Functional Neurological Disorder.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Clarifying the Differences between Patients with Organic Tics and Functional Tic-Like Behaviors.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Have We Forgotten What Tics Are? A Re-Exploration of Tic Phenomenology in Youth with Primary Tics.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2023Article
- Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on incidence of tics in children and young people: a population-based cohort study.EClinicalMedicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimTo report the prevalence and clinical characteristics of children with rapid onset functional tic-like behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic.
methodsSingle centre, retrospective cohort study of children (<18 years) referred to the tic clinic from January 2018 to July 2021. We calculate the prevalence of newly diagnosed functional tics, and compare the clinical features to chronic tic disorder/Tourette syndrome (CTD/TS).
resultsA total of 185 new patients were referred to the tic clinic between 2018 and 2021. There was a significant increase in the percentage of functional tics in 2020 and 2021 (2% in 2018, 5.6% in 2019, 10.6% in 2020 and 36% in 2021). Differences between functional tics (n = 22) and CTD/TS (n = 163) include female predominance (100 vs. 28%, P < 0.0001), later age of onset (mean age 13.8 vs. 6.8 years, P < 0.0001) and higher rates of anxiety/depression (95 vs. 41%, P < 0.0001). The functional tic group were more likely to present with coprolalia-like behaviours (77 vs. 10%, P < 0.0001), complex phrases (45 vs. 0.6%, P < 0.0001), copropraxia (45 vs. 2%, P < 0.0001), self-injury (50 vs. 4%, P < 0.0001), hospitalisation/emergency visits (36 vs. 2%, P < 0.0001) and school absenteeism (56 vs. 7%, P < 0.0001). A total of 18.2% of patients with functional tics reported preceding exposure to social media content involving tics.
conclusionsThere is an increase in adolescent females presenting with rapid onset functional tic-like behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic. We highlight differences in clinical features between the functional tic group and CTD/TS to aid diagnosis and management in the community. Based on our findings, we propose a mixed model of neuropsychiatric vulnerability and social media contagion in this group of adolescents with functional tics.
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