ArticleDrug safety2022
Improving the Safety of Medicines via Digital Technology: An Assessment of the Scope and Quality of Risk Minimization Websites in the United States and United Kingdom.
Article in Drug safety, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Digitalizing Risk Minimization Measures in EU: Explorative Co-design Workshops with Expert Stakeholders.Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science · 2026Article
- Can the digital economy foster advancements in the healthcare sector? - a case study using interprovincial data from China.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Turning the Page on Hardcopy Risk Management Plan Educational Materials: Digitalization Made Possible.Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science · 2025Article
- Behavioral Science: Enhancing Our Approach to the Development of Effective Additional Risk Minimization Strategies.Drug safety · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionEHealth holds tremendous promise for enhancing drug safety initiatives known as risk minimization programs. Little is known, however, regarding the scope and quality of existing risk minimization websites.
methodsTwo publicly accessible repositories, REMS@FDA [1] and Electronic Medicines Compendium [2], were reviewed to identify all regulatorily approved risk minimization programs in the United States (US) and United Kingdom (UK) with websites. Website quality was evaluated using the Enlight Quality Assessment tool, a psychometrically validated instrument that addresses seven quality domains.
resultsNinety-three websites were identified: 59 for healthcare professionals (7 UK/52 US), and 34 for patients (5 UK/29 US). The websites functioned chiefly as archives for electronic copies of educational materials; a subset (31/93) had additional features. Mean quality ratings for Usability (mean 4.70, SD 0.59), Visual Design (mean 4.03, SD 0.87) and Content (mean 4.31, SD 0.82) were good. General Subjective Evaluation was fair (mean 3.15, SD 1.21). Mean scores for Therapeutic Alliance and Therapeutic Persuasiveness were poor (mean 2.62, SD 1.47; and mean 2.50, SD 1.48, respectively); those for User Engagement were very poor (mean 2.25, SD 1.03). No differences were found by target audience but several were identified based on region.
conclusionsRisk minimization websites are easy to navigate and well organized. Few, however, incorporate eHealth design elements that facilitate user engagement, build therapeutic alliance and exert therapeutic persuasiveness. Such elements can enhance program uptake and effectiveness. Results highlight opportunities for improving the quality of risk minimization websites and their ability to bridge pharmaceutical and healthcare systems.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.