ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2022
Recurrent Subclinical Tuberculosis Among Antiretroviral Therapy-Accessing Participants: Incidence, Clinical Course, and Outcomes.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis and associated factors among adults living with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia, systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Subclinical tuberculosis: a meta-analysis of prevalence and scoping review of definitions, prevalence and clinical characteristics.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2024Pooled it
- The incidence rate of tuberculosis and its associated factors among HIV-positive persons in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Pooled it
- High Initiation but Suboptimal Completion of Tuberculosis-Preventive Treatment Among People Living With HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy, Persistent Tuberculosis Incidence, and Programmatic Implications: Findings From a 2-Year Multicountry Cohort Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Article
- Prevalence, Progression, and Treatment of Asymptomatic Tuberculosis: A Prospective Cohort Study in Lanxi County, Zhejiang Province, China.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Advancing the fight against tuberculosis: integrating innovation and public health in diagnosis, treatment, vaccine development, and implementation science.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- The burden of subclinical TB in Nigeria.Public health action · 2024Article
- Subclinical tuberculosis linkage to care and completion of treatment following community-based screening in rural South Africa.BMC global and public health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundUndiagnosed asymptomatic subclinical tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant threat to global TB control, accounting for a substantial proportion of cases among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS (PLWHA). We determined incidence, progression, and outcomes of subclinical TB in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-accessing PLWHA with known previous TB in South Africa.
methodsA total of 402 adult PLWHA previously treated for TB were enrolled in the prospective Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa TRuTH (TB Recurrence Upon TB and HIV treatment) Study. Participants were screened for TB with quarterly clinical and bacteriologic evaluation and biannual chest radiographs over 36 months. Those with suspected or confirmed TB were referred to the National TB Programme. Participants received HIV services, including ART. Incidence rate of TB was estimated using Poisson regression and descriptive statistical analyses summarized data.
resultsA total of 48 of 402 (11.9%) bacteriologically confirmed incident recurrent TB cases were identified, comprising 17 of 48 (35.4%) subclinical TB cases and 31 of 48 (64.5%) clinical TB cases. Age, sex, and body mass index were similar among subclinical, clinical, and no TB groups. Incidence rates (95% Confidence Interval [CI]) of recurrent TB overall, in clinical and subclinical TB groups were 2.3 (1.7-3.0), 1.5 (1.1-2.2), and 0.9 (0.5-1.4) per 100 person-years, respectively. In the subclinical TB group, 14 of 17 (82.4%) were diagnosed by TB culture only, 11 of 17 (64.7%) received TB treatment, and 6 of 17 (35.3%) resolved TB spontaneously.
conclusionsHigh incidence rates of recurrent subclinical TB in PLWHA highlight inadequacies of symptom-based TB screening in high TB-HIV burden settings.
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