Observational studyEuropean journal of neurology2022
Delayed B cell repopulation after rituximab treatment in multiple sclerosis patients with expanded adaptive natural killer cells.
Observational study in European journal of neurology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative Effectiveness of Rituximab in Treatment-Naïve vs. Switch Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Real-World Retrospective Study.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2026Article
- Evaluation of CD3+CD56+ NKT and CD19+ B Cells in Assessing the Relapse of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder Patients Treated With Rituximab.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Delayed B cell repopulation after rituximab treatment in multiple sclerosis patients with expanded adaptive natural killer cells.European journal of neurology · 2022Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
background and purposeThe aim was to evaluate whether adaptive NKG2C+ natural killer (NK) cells, characterized by enhanced antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC), may influence time to B cell repopulation after rituximab treatment in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.
methodsThis was a prospective observational study of MS patients treated with rituximab monitoring peripheral B cells for repeated doses. B cell repopulation was defined as CD19+ cells above 2% of total lymphocytes, classifying cases according to the median time of B cell repopulation as early or late (≤9 months, >9 months, respectively). Basal NK cell immunophenotype and in vitro ADCC responses induced by rituximab were assessed by flow cytometry.
resultsB cell repopulation in 38 patients (24 relapsing-remitting MS [RRMS]; 14 progressive MS) was classified as early (≤9 months, n = 19) or late (>9 months, n = 19). RRMS patients with late B cell repopulation had higher proportions of NKG2C+ NK cells compared to those with early repopulation (24.7% ± 16.2% vs. 11.3% ± 10.4%, p < 0.05), and a direct correlation between time to B cell repopulation and percentage of NKG2C+ NK cells (R 0.45, p < 0.05) was observed. RRMS cases with late repopulation compared with early repopulation had a higher secretion of tumor necrosis factor α and interferon γ by NK cells after rituximab-dependent NK cell activation. The NK cell immunophenotype appeared unrelated to B cell repopulation in progressive MS patients.
conclusionsAdaptive NKG2C+ NK cells in RRMS may be associated with delayed B cell repopulation after rituximab, a finding probably related to enhanced depletion of B cells exerted by NK-cell-mediated ADCC, pointing to the use of personalized regimens with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy in some patients.
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