ArticleBMC plant biology2022
Transcriptome analyses shed light on floral organ morphogenesis and bract color formation in Bougainvillea.
Article in BMC plant biology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Analysis of Pigmentation Changes in Bracts ofBiology · 2025Article
- Advances in Bract Coloration: Diversity, Pigment Synthesis, and Regulatory Mechanisms in Ornamental Plants.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- De novo transcriptomes of floral bracts for 22 Bougainvillea accessions.Scientific data · 2025Article
- Transcriptomic profiling and gene network analysis revealed regulatory mechanisms of bract development in Bougainvillea glabra.BMC plant biology · 2024Article
- The characterization ofFrontiers in plant science · 2024Article
- Multi-integrated genomic data for Passiflora foetida provides insights into genome size evolution and floral development in Passiflora.Molecular horticulture · 2023Article
- Acute NOPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Pantranscriptome combined with phenotypic quantification reveals germplasm kinship and regulation network of bract color variation inFrontiers in plant science · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBougainvillea is a popular ornamental plant with brilliant color and long flowering periods. It is widely distributed in the tropics and subtropics. The primary ornamental part of the plant is its colorful and unusual bracts, rich in the stable pigment betalain. The developmental mechanism of the bracts is not clear, and the pathway of betalain biosynthesis is well characterized in Bougainvillea.
resultsAt the whole-genome level, we found 23,469 protein-coding genes by assembling the RNA-Seq and Iso-Seq data of floral and leaf tissues. Genome evolution analysis revealed that Bougainvillea is related to spinach; the two diverged approximately 52.7 million years ago (MYA). Transcriptome analysis of floral organs revealed that flower development of Bougainvillea was regulated by the ABCE flower development genes; A-class, B-class, and E-class genes exhibited high expression levels in bracts. Eight key genes of the betalain biosynthetic pathway were identified by homologous alignment, all of which were upregulated concurrently with bract development and betalain accumulation during the bract initiation stage of development. We found 47 genes specifically expressed in stamens, including seven highly expressed genes belonging to the pentose and glucuronate interconversion pathways. BgSEP2b, BgSWEET11, and BgRD22 are hub genes and interacted with many transcription factors and genes in the carpel co-expression network.
conclusionsWe assembled protein-coding genes of Bougainvilea, identified the floral development genes, and constructed the gene co-expression network of petal, stamens, and carpel. Our results provide fundamental information about the mechanism of flower development and pigment accumulation in Bougainvillea, and will facilitate breeding of cultivars with high ornamental value.
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